- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Switching (100.88 KB) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is an International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
- Basic Vocational Knowledge − Electrical Machines (903.9 KB) This paper gives general information about electrical machines, synchronous machines, asynchronous motors, direct current machines, single phase alternating current motors and transformers.
- Bloemwater head office is going green This paper explains about the hydro power and energy drives development.
- Boiler optimisation (113.38 KB) This paper contains information about different boiler applications, optimising the performance of boilers and efficient steam systems.
- Classical and Quantum Circuit Theory (403.97 KB) This paper follows the text on the circuit model of noise by H.A. Haus [1]..
- Current Transformers (151.69 KB) This paper explains about the types of Current transformers, Calculation of CT accuracy, Series connection of low-ratio bushing CT's and Polarity and connections.
- Current Transformers (155.98 KB) This paper explains in detail about the Current Transformers (CT's) Accuracy, Sizing, Selection, Mounting and Installation.
- DC Marine Technologies Discrimination: Don’t Leave It Too late (24.2 KB)
- DC Marine Technologies Introduction to Grounded Neutrals (25.88 KB)
- Distributed Generation (444.88 KB)
- Disturbance-Rejection vs. Setpoint-Tracking Controllers This paper explains about the open loop and closed loop operation.
- EEE and International Harmonic Standards Impact on Power Electronic Equipment Design (410.99 KB)
- Electical Safety Should Never Take a Holiday (61.17 KB)
- Electric Field Analysis In Stress Controlled High Voltage Cables (2.95 MB)
- Electric Field Energy Harvesting Powered Wireless Sensors for Smart Grid (1777.93 KB) In this paper, a new energy harvesting technology using stray electric field of an electric power line is presented.
- Electric Metering Commercial and Industrial (172.76 KB)
- Electric meters (469.76 KB) This paper explains briefly about the types of electric meters, electric meter complaints, electric meter standards and few diagrams.
- Electrical Circuit Diagrams (4.19 MB) This paper explains how to use circuit diagrams and also shows various electrical circuit diagrams.
- Electrical circuits (318.16 KB) This paper explains about electrical circuits in general.
- Electrical Connectors and Wiring Diagrams (860.5 KB) This section contains drawings of Electrical Connectors and information on Pin Configuration, Pin Numbers, Wire Colors and Pin Descriptions.
- Electrical Connectors and Wiring Diagrams 2010 (860.5 KB)
- Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centres (1154.36 KB)
- Electrical Hazard Awareness Study Guide (2.96 MB)
- Electrical interface control drawing (43.26 KB) This drawing describes the electrical interfaces associated with the wi.freestar module.
- Electrical Machines-I (88.88 KB) This paper explains about instruments used to read and observe the general electrical quantities like current, voltage, power, energy, frequency, resistance etc and their wave shapes.
- Electrical Measuring Paper 2010 (229.01 KB)
- Electrical Measuring Paper 2010 (233.29 KB)
- Electrical Metering Paper 2010 (2.68 MB)
- Electrical Safety & Arc Flash Protection (1066.9 KB) The focus of this paper will mainly concern some overcurrent protection aspects related to electrical safety.
- Electrically Induced Damage to Standard Linear Integrated Circuits (149.72 KB) This paper will first review the nature of the threat to integrated circuits in an operating environment and then briefly discuss overall device protection.
- Energy Efficiency in Industrial HVAC Systems (357.81 KB) This paper briefly explains about HVAC, basic HVAC design, air conditioning, ventilation and conducting HVAC audits.
- Energy Efficiency Planning and Management Guide (1616.64 KB) This paper stimulates in thinking about the ways energy efficiency-enhancing measures could be implemented in a plant.
- Energy Power Conservation in Motor Applications (175.62 KB)
- Energy Saving through Improved Boiler and Pipeline Schemes (260.41 KB) This paper explains about energy saving through improved boiler schemes and pipeline schemes.
- Engineering report writing (39.02 KB) This paper describes briefly how to write an effective engineering report.
- Engineering Symbology, Prints and Drawings Vol 1 (4.59 MB)
- Engineering Symbology, Prints and Drawings Vol 2 (2.53 MB)
- Ensuring Electricity Metering Accuracy and Consumer Confidence in a Changing Market (673.04 KB) This paper explains about the program’s purpose to enable Measurement Canada to exert control over the services provided by AMVs. The Program relieves Measurement Canada of verification tasks.
- EPSRC Research Report: An Appraisal Of The Usefulness Of Combined AC and DC (37.25 KB)
- Experiments of a Novel Magnetic Levitation Stage for Wide Area Movements (1141.1 KB) In this paper, a novel planar type magnetic levitation system without other assistant devices is proposed and it can move with 6 degree of freedom (X, Y, Z, θX, θY, θZ) in wafer size as well as in nano scale positioning.
- Financing energy efficiency (1707.16 KB) This paper aims at generating new ideas and approaches for developing energy efficiency financing schemes, which then could be tried out by local institutions, with support from the World Bank and other international agencies and donors.
- Flow Measurement (394.46 KB) This paper explains briefly about basic flow measurement.
- Flow measurement, sampling, and process control (91.84 KB) This paper describes about the types of flow measuring devices used in wastewater treatment plants.
- Fluid Flow Measurement Selection and Sizing (146.9 KB) This paper helps in understanding the functions and types of flow measurement instrumentation available.
- Fundamentals of Electric Motors and Transformers (210.47 KB) This paper explains about some of the fundamental facts of electric motors and transformers.
- Fuzzy Internal Model Control of Nonlinear Plants with Time Delay - Parallel Distributed Compensation (951.32 KB) The aim of the present investigation is to develop a fuzzy internal model controller (FIMC) for a nonlinear plant with time delay under uncertainties.
- Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Anaesthesia Monitoring System in the Operation Theatre (1056.09 KB) The main goals of this study are to enhance the developed diagnostic alarm system for detecting critical events during anaesthesia and to accurately diagnose a hypovolaemia event in anaesthetized patients.
- Fuzzy Logic Control of Static Var Compensator for Power System Damping (464.62 KB) In this paper, a fuzzy logic based supplementary controller for Static Var Compensator (SVC) is developed which is used for damping the rotor angle oscillations and to improve the transient stability of the power system.
- Fuzzy Logic Controller for PMSM (310.74 KB) This paper aims to investigate the behavior of dual motor drives fed by single inverter using averaging technique MATLAB/Simulink has been chosen as the simulation tools.
- GA Based Decentralized Controller for Load- FC of Interconnected Power Systems with RFB Considering TCPS in the Tie-Line (461.68 KB) This paper proposes a design of Genetic Algorithm (GA) based controllers for the decentralized load-frequency control of two-area interconnected thermal reheat power systems with and without RFB considering TCPS in the Tie-line.
- Gamma-ray emission from magnetar surface due to starquake (591.69 KB) We estimate the luminosity of magnetar and found to be in the order of 1045 erg s-1 by adopting and calculating the potential difference between the centre and outer edge of the polar cap, conforming to γ-ray emission.
- Gas Fired Heating Plant Management (459.74 KB) This paper intends to focus on the studies which were undertaken enabling, by simulation, to test the sensitivity in both energy and economic terms of Terminal heating equipment sizing, boiler sizing, boiler-plant arrangement and management.
- General Formulation of Electric Circuit Theory (499.66 KB) In this paper, the relationship between circuit theory and electromagnetic principles will be examined.
- Generator-Voltage System (20.62 KB) This paper explains about the Generator Leads, Neutral Grounding Equipment, Instrument Transformers, Instrument Transformers, Circuit Breakers and Excitation System Power Potential Transformer.
- Generic Stochastic Effect Model of Noise in Controlling Source to Electronically Controlled Device (795.02 KB) In this research, the stochastic model which describes the effect of noise in the controlling source to any electronically controlled devices has been proposed.
- Geothermal Power Plant: Nesjavellir, Iceland (3.98 MB)
- global chaos synchronization of uncertain Sprott J & K Systems (272.39 KB) In this paper, we apply adaptive control method to derive new results for global chaos synchronization of identical Sprott J systems, identical Sprott K systems and non-identical Sprott J and K systems.
- Global Reference Guide for Reading Diagrams 2010 (229.58 KB)
- Glossary of Technical Terminology (127.65 KB)
- Graphical Programming Tools for Electrical Engineering Higher Education (1381.16 KB) This paper discuses some of the most popular graphical programming packages, identifies two alternative solutions and shows how the virtual instrumentation approach pioneered by LabVIEW may enhance the electrical engineering curricula.
- Guide To Harmonics and AC Drives (655.45 KB)
- Guidelines (draft): Designing and Operating Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) in Hospitals (206.67 KB) This paper explains about designing and operating HVACs in hospitals.
- Handbook for Electrical Safety (1279.88 KB) The focus of this paper will mainly concern some overcurrent protection aspects related to electrical safety.
- Handbook for Teaching “Circuit Theory” (57.67 KB) This paper explains about Sinusoidal excitation, Average power and maximum power delivery, Laplace transformation techniques, Transfer functions, Frequency response and simple filters and Simulation of circuits using SPICE simulator.
- Handoff in Wireless Mobile Networks (339.49 KB) Mobility is the most important feature of a wireless cellular communication system. Usually, continuous service is achieved by supporting handoff (or handover) from one cell to another
- Handy feedback: Connecting smart meters with mobile phones (698.17 KB) This paper proposes an interactive system that provides instantaneous feedback concerning the energy usage on household and device level.
- Heat Exchangers (5.15 MB)
- Heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and dehumidifying systems (1070.97 KB) This paper explains about the use of design and construction of Naval Facilities heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and dehumidifying systems.
- High definition technology: a review (214.6 KB) This is a review paper describing the characteristics and benefits of high definition (HD) technology. Digital techniques offer greater accuracy and stability, with better signal to noise ratios than analogue method.
- High frequency boost converter employing soft switching auxiliary resonant circuit (364.35 KB) A new soft-switching boost converter is proposed in this paper. The conventional boost converter generates switching losses at turn ON and OFF, and this causes a reduction in the whole system’s efficiency.
- High Frequency Power Transformer Measurement and Modeling (1033.97 KB) This article points out some of the issues involved in designing, measuring, and modeling high-frequency magnetics for switching power supplies.
- High performance controllers for speed and position induction motor drive (278.58 KB) This paper present new approach in robust indirect rotor field oriented (IRFOC) induction motor (IM) control.
- High Voltage Insulators (95.61 KB)
- Hot-spot Thermal Models of HV/LV Prefabricated and Outdoor Oil-Immersed Power Transformers (641.52 KB) The aim of this paper is to present thermal models for transformers loaded at prefabricated MV/LV transformer substations and outdoor situations.
- How to Read Your Electric Meter (36.9 KB) This paper briefly explains on how to read your gas, dial and digital meter.
- HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air-conditioning) (158.8 KB) This paper contains a brief note on HVAC.
- HVAC and refrigeration system (1143.3 KB) This paper explains about Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, Refrigerants, Coefficient of performance, Capacity, Factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning system performance and savings opportunities.
- HVAC assessment handbook: A practical guide to performance measurements in mechanical heating (1831.88 KB) This paper highlights some measurements and techniques that can be used to evaluate HVAC systems for optimum operation.
- Hybrid Motor Structure Convenient to Modify the Magnet and Reluctance Torques on the Rotor (1175.01 KB) This paper presents a hybrid motor prototype convenient to modify the magnet and reluctance torques.
- Hydromagnetic divergent channel flow of a viscoelastic electrically conducting fluid (105.53 KB) A theoretical study for the two-dimensional boundary layer flow through a divergent channel of a visco-elastic electrically conducting fluid in presence of transverse magnetic field has been considered.
- IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM) (56.09 KB) This paper identifies elements of the HVAC system that are important to IAQ, as well as information important to developing protocols for the operating set points and schedules consistent with good IAQ performance.
- Identification and Classification of Faults in High Voltage Radial Ug Cables by Wavelet Transform (982.28 KB) This paper deals with the identification and classification of faults in high voltage radial UG cables by wavelet transform.
- Identification of Impact of Electromagnetic Fields at Low and High Frequency on Human Body (622.47 KB) The article reviews the current state of large-scale studies about the impact of electromagnetic field on natural environment.
- Identification of Moisture Content in Cotton Bale by Microwave Imaging (475.99 KB) This research examines a new microwave imaging technique to view the internal moisture variations of cotton bale.
- IEE Guidance Document: EMC And Functional Safety (332.49 KB)
- Impact of Interface Charges on the Transient Characteristics of 4H-SiC DMOSFETs (1394.34 KB) In this paper, we study the transient characteristics of 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with different interface charges to improve the turn-on rising time.
- Impact of renewable energy sources in power supply of India (106.44 KB) The estimates made here indicate that even with a frugal per capita electricity need of 2000 kWh/annum and a stabilized population of 1500 million by 2025, India would need to generate approximately 3000 TWh/yr.
- Impact of skin effect for the design of a squirrel cage induction motor on its starting performances (72.01 KB) In this paper we observe the change in the starting performances like change in starting current, torque and efficiency due to skin effect in the squirrel case induction motor.
- Impact of static var compensators on power system: a case study (313.62 KB) With increase in load, any transmission, distribution and generating model suffers from disturbances. These disturbances effect the overall stability of the system.
- Impact on the fuzzy modeling in operation of electric distribution systems (1020.28 KB) In the paper, starting from a fuzzy correlation model of the loads, a power flow analysis from an electric distribution system with the 20 kV voltage level is presented.
- Implementation of Direct AC-DC Boost Converter For Low Voltage Energy Harvesting (481.91 KB) In this paper, a direct AC-DC power electronic converter topology is proposed for efficient and optimum energy harvesting from low-voltage micro generators.
- Implementation of impedance source inverter system for photovoltaic (342.49 KB) This paper presents a high performance, low cost inverter for photovoltaic systems based on Impedance-source concept.
- Implementing the Smart Grid Initiatives (106.29 KB) This White Paper is offered by an independent industry expert to help key decision makers in the U.S. Government, U.S. electric utilities
- Improved Circuit Model of Photovoltaic Array (271.76 KB) The proposed model is realised using Power System Block Set under MATLAB/SIMULINK, however, it can be constructed using standard simulation software such as PSPICE.
- Improvement of Power Quality Considering Voltage Stability in Grid Connected System by FACTS Devices (386.02 KB) Voltage-source converter based various FACTS devices have been used for flexible power flow control, secure loading and damping of power system oscillations.
- Improvement of the Reliability of the Industrial Electric Networks (371.62 KB) In this work and on the basis of the semi- markovian’s processes, the influence of the time of interlocking the reserve source upon the reliability of an industrial electric network is studied.
- Improving power system stability using PI controller for STATCOM (223.69 KB) In this paper investigates the power-system stability improvement by a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based damping controller.
- Industrial Instrumentation: Flow (745.52 KB) This paper describes the flow measurements of liquids and gases in detail.
- Influence of instrument transformers on power system protection (1156.33 KB) Instrument transformers are a crucial component of power system protection. They supply the protection system with scaled-down replicas of current and voltage signals present in a power network to the levels which are safe
- Influence of PV penetration in Saudi distribution grid (127.45 KB) The paper has discussed an algorithm for the optimal size and location of PVDG in Power Grid.
- Influence of TCSC facts device on steady state voltage stability (238.79 KB) The influence of series Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) device namely, Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) on the steady state voltage stability is the main objective of this paper.
- Influence of vibrational mode on electrical properties of DNA molecules for ladder model (532.29 KB) Based on the tight-binding Hamiltonian for the ladder model of DNA and within the framework of a Generalized Green's function technique, the electronic conduction through the metal/DNA/metal structure has been numerically investigated.
- Inline elasticity measure of textile using ANN (188.79 KB) In this paper, we propose a technique to measure the Elasticity Modulus of the textile material using flex LVDT.
- Inner-Outer preconditioning strategy for 3D Inductance extraction coupling with fast Multipole Method (195.09 KB) This paper presents an efficient preconditioning technique in order to couple Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method with Fast Multipole algorithm (FMM).
- Instrument Transformer (86.07 KB) This paper explains briefly about Instrument Transformer, Current Transformer and Voltage Transformer.
- Instrument Transformer Performance Under Distorted Conditions (289.04 KB) This paper explains about a single virtual instrument that can be used for performance measurements of Instrument Transformers (IT) apart from analyzing the magnetic characteristics of cores.
- Instrument Transformer, Current Transformer and Potential Transformer (478.6 KB) This paper very briefly describes about Instrument Transformer, Current Transformer and Potential Transformer.
- Intelligent Control for Torque Ripple Minimization in Combined Vector and Direct Controls of IM Drive (798.49 KB) To solve this problem, a control method based on the concept of fuzzy logic approach is used. The control scheme proposed uses stator current error as variable.
- Intelligent Digital Redesign for Nonlinear Interconnected Systems using Decentralized Fuzzy Control (437.56 KB) In this paper, a novel intelligent digital redesign (IDR) technique is proposed for the nonlinear interconnected systems which can be represented by a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model.
- Intelligent energy management for residential buildings based on ZigBee (253.61 KB) This paper gives an overview of sensor technology and wireless networks in the development of an intelligent energy management system for residential buildings (IEMSRB).
- Intelligent SCADA for load control (173.99 KB) This paper presents the use of intelligent system with Supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) Software and hardware components platform like PLC considered as the main contents of this project.
- Interfaces for Renewable Energy Sources with Electric Power Systems (114.08 KB)
- Interior-Point Methods for Nonconvex Nonlinear Programming:Jamming and Comparative Numerical Testing (193.25 KB) This paper shows that classical jamming is why the W¨achter and Biegler example fails to converge and show three possible resolutions of this issue, including the one currently implemented in LOQO.
- International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems (1835.01 KB)
- Inversion Layer Effective Mobility Model for Pocket Implanted Nano Scale n-MOSFET (415.66 KB) This paper presents an effective electron mobility model for the pocket implanted nano scale n-MOSFET.
- Investigation of Leakage Current Waveforms Recorded in a Coastal High Voltage Substation (431.56 KB) In this paper, an investigation of LC waveforms recorded in a heavily polluted site, over more than 6 years of monitoring, is presented.
- Investigation of 'off-line' relaxation phenomena in oil filled transformers (1514.95 KB) The objective of this paper is to develop an industrial technique for testing and identifying the sensitive aging conditional parameters in different types of field oil filled transformers.
- Investigation on doubly fed induction generator steady state parameters (233.17 KB) In this paper steady state characteristic of a variable speed Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is investigated.
- Lab Electrical Power Engineering I (487.21 KB) This paper explains about the experiment which deals with the construction and the operation modes of an induction machine and illustrates the main differences between a squirrel cage rotor and a slip ring rotor.
- Lastest Developments IEE Wiring Regulations, BS7671 and Harmonic Standard ER G5/4 (369.41 KB)
- Lectures on Numerical Analysis (632.37 KB) This paper explains about Differential and Difference Equations, The Numerical Solution of Differential Equations and Numerical linear algebra.
- Levitation & Thrust Forces Analysis of Hybrid-Excited Linear Synchronous Motor (1346.5 KB) This paper proposes a hybrid-excited linear synchronous motor (LSM) that has potential applications in a magnetically levitated vehicle.
- LFC Design of a Deregulated Power System with TCPS Using PSO (404.53 KB) A control strategy using controlling the phase angle of TCPS is proposed for provide active control facility of system frequency in this paper.
- Lightning Warning Systems for use by Airports (3.26 MB)
- Linear circuit theory and differential equations (108.36 KB) This paper reviews the basics of linear discrete-element modeling.
- LMI-based Sliding Mode Speed Tracking Control Design for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (1214.51 KB) For precisely regulating the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor system with unknown load torque disturbance and disturbance inputs, an LMI-based sliding mode control scheme is proposed in this paper.
- Load Compensation by Diesel Generator and Three Level Inverter Based DSTATCOM (1067.72 KB) This paper presents the load compensation by diesel generator. In this compensation reactive power, harmonics and unbalanced load current generates because of linear or nonlinear loads.
- Long-term Reliability of On-line Partial Discharge Ceramic Sensor for Thermal Power Generators (802.07 KB) The present study describes the considerations on the long-term reliability of the on-line partial discharge (PD) ceramic sensor for thermal power generators.
- Loop Antennas for Near-Field Multipolar-Expansion Identification: First Experimental Validations (895.51 KB) In this paper, electromagnetic compatibility is assessed using novel magnetic induction sensors based on the standard CISPR16-1 coils.
- Low leakage nanoscaled source and drain over insulator FinFET with underlap and high k dielectric (107.26 KB) In this paper a Source and drain over Insulator (SDOI) FinFET structure in which S/D regions insulated from body by buried oxide with undoped underlap and Si3N4 as dielectric is studied and compared with SDOI FinFET with SiO2 as dielectric.
- Low Power Phase Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizer for 2.4 GHz Band Zigbee (256.31 KB) This study was to design a low power fully integrated integer-N PLL frequency synthesizer targeting the 2.4 GHz band IEEE 802.15.4 Std Zigbee.It represents solutions for minimizing the power consumption.
- Low Voltage High Gain Linear Class AB CMOS OTA with DC Level Input Stage (350.02 KB) This paper presents a low-voltage low-power differential linear transconductor with near rail-to-rail input swing.
- Low voltage, but high tension (427.89 KB) shift is taking place within low voltage (LV) networks. Electricity demand is grow-ing, the amount of distributed generation is increasing, and more and more distributed generation (DG) techniques are being developed to ful¯l the needs of end users.
- Low-power, inductorless current folded mixer in 0.18-μM CMOS for broadband applications (274.32 KB) The proposed mixer is based on a folded double-balanced Gilbert cell topology that enhances conversion gain and reduces power dissipation
- Machine Tools Foundation Static and Free vibration analyses (1611.7 KB) Deformations for foundations under static load are studied in present work, the effect of changing stiffening plates shape and cutting conditions such as type of cutting process and angle of cutting forces on these deformation are investigated.
- Machine Vision System for Automatic Weeding Strategy in Oil Palm Plantation (444.19 KB) This paper discusses an automatic weeding strategy in oil palm plantation using machine vision system for the detection and differential spraying of weeds.
- Magnetic model refinement via a coupling of finite element subproblems (422.81 KB) This paper describes a Model refinement of magnetic circuits which are performed via a subdomain finite element method that simplifies both meshing and solving processes, and quantifies the gain given by each refinement.
- Maintaining Voltage Stability in Power System using FACTS Devices (533.09 KB) Modern power systems are prone to widespread failures. With the increase in power demand, operation and planning of large interconnected power system are becoming more and more complex, so power system will become less secure.
- Market-Based Transmission Expansion Planning Under Uncertainty in Bids by Fuzzy Assessment (415.45 KB) In this paper, by a simple example it is shown that existing market-based criteria alone cannot completely and correctly evaluate the transmission network expansion from market view.
- Measurement of Power Quality through Transformed Variables (124.95 KB) The objective of this paper to present unique features that characterize power quality events & to extract them from generated voltage and current waveforms using Windowed Discrete Fast Fourier Transform.
- Measurement Scheme Improving for State Estimation Using Stochastic Tabu Search (267.48 KB) This paper proposes the stochastic tabu search (STS) for improving the measurement scheme for power system state estimation.
- Measuring acoustic noise emitted by power transformers (889.53 KB) This paper proposes a new Measurement Standardization Procedure to measure and quantify the acoustic noise produced by power transformers in audio and video equipment under normal and adverse mains conditions.
- Medical Image Compression Using Quincunx Wavelets and SPIHT Coding (1402.92 KB) This paper introduces an algorithm for medical image compression based on the quincunx wavelets coupled with SPIHT coding algorithm, of which we applied the lattice structure to improve the wavelet transform shortcomings.
- Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters Integrated in High-Voltage AIS Disconnectors (1395.25 KB) This paper presents information on the requirements on the disconnector/arrester, the realization and the investigations and tests performed.
- Methods for Calibration (311.34 KB) Here the methods are described for formal calibration of the main instruments used for electrostatic measurements.
- Miniature Acousto-Optic Modulators as a New Kind of Phase Modulators in Laser Spectroscopy (244.15 KB) In this study, a development of a new method for frequency control of the external cavity diode laser with the use of FM sideband heterodyne technique where AOM operating in the Raman-Nath diffraction mode is employed.
- Mobile Communication for Older People: (57.9 KB) The fast diffusion of mobile telephony is opening a vast diversity of new opportunities for older people with different levels of physical restrictions due to ageing.
- Model of Information Exchange for Decentralized Congestion Management (387.42 KB) The present study examines an efficient congestion management system compatible with the evolving environment.
- Modeling and analysis of single phase grid connected photovoltaic system (650.49 KB) This paper gives a complete computer simulation program of a single phase grid connected PV system using Matlab/Simulink and SimPower System tool.
- Modeling and Control of a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine During a Grid Voltage Drop (287.96 KB) In this paper, a complete mathematical DFIG model is proposed.
- Modeling Method of a Low-Pass Filter Based on Microstrip T-Lines with Cut-Off Frequency 10 GHz (786.02 KB) This study presented a jointly application of bond graph technique and wave-scattering formalism for a new realization called scattering bond graph model with an advantage to show up explicitly the different wave propagation.
- Modeling of green energy sources - a solar and wind hybrid model (301.5 KB) We will focus on Modeling the design and verification process for Renewable and Green Energy sources. Samples like solar, wind and tidal energy are used for making model.
- Modeling the Non-linear Load Contributions to Voltage Distortion at the Output of Three (190.31 KB)
- Modeling, Simulation and Group Control of Distributed Static Series Compensators (525.73 KB) In this study a detailed model of the DSSC is used to study and simulate the effect of different control strategies applied to a group of DSSCs distributed along a transmission line.
- Modelling of a Shipboard Power System (341.39 KB)
- Modelling Of Characteristic Parameters for Asymmetric DHDMG Mosfet (874.69 KB) A detailed comparison of proposed Gaussian model with the previously proposed linear model is presented. The proposed model is also compared with Double gate MOSFET,better performance in terms of DIBL effect reduction is observed.
- Modern Advances in Electrical Conductivity (293.25 KB) In this work an improved method for determining the precise temperature-dependent electric conductivity data in a more user-friendly way is described.
- Modern Rectifiers And Power System Harmonics (91.13 KB)
- Modified action value method applied to ‘n’-armed bandit problems (102.23 KB) This paper investigates a modified approach to action value methods used to solve n-armed bandit problems where one faces repeatedly with a choice among n different options.
- Modified Method of Computing Generator Participation Factors by Electricity Tracing with Consideration of Load Flow Changes (296.18 KB) In this paper a sensitivity analysis is proposed to determine the changes in power flows due to changed load.
- Motor neuron disease in EMG signal using time and frequency domain features (879.2 KB) Here the time and frequency domain behaviour of the EMG signals obtained from several normal persons and the ALS patients, characteristic features, such as autocorrelation, zero crossing rate and Fourier transform are proposed.
- Motor shaft grounding can enhance reliability in your inverter-fed motor (144 KB) This paper discuss the types of motor failure and their causes.
- MPPT Algorithm for Solar Photovotaic Cell by Incremental Conductance Method (209.39 KB) This work proposes on Investigation of Incremental conductance Based maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic System, to have the advantages of low frequency switching.
- Multi objective economic dispatch using pareto frontier differential evolution (144.58 KB) Multi Objective Economic dispatch (MOED) problem has gained recent attention due to the deregulation of power industry and environmental regulations.
- Multilevel power converters: a survey (222.04 KB) In view of this, a comprehensive review of MSPC technology is presented in this paper, which includes configurations, control strategies and highlighting key areas of research .
- Multi-Line Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) Controller (347.04 KB) This paper is intended to discuss a new approach i.e. a multi-line FACTS controller which is interline power flow controller (IPFC) for TSA of a multi-machine power system network.
- Multi-Objective Fuzzy Model in Optimal Siting and Sizing of DG for Loss Reduction (332.2 KB) This paper presents a possibilistic (fuzzy) model in optimal siting and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) for loss reduction and improve voltage profile in power distribution system.
- Multi-objective Optimization with Fuzzy Based Ranking for TCSC Supplementary Controller (354.29 KB) This paper investigates the application of multi-objective optimization technique for the design of a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)-based controller to enhance the performance of a power system.
- Multiobjective Sensor Node Deployement in Wireless Sensor Networks (67.35 KB) The objectives considered in the paper include maximizing network coverage, connectivity and network lifetime.We propose a multi-objective PSO and fuzzy based optimization model for sensor node deployment.
- Multiobjective Space Search Optimization and Information Granulation in the Function Neural Networks (1881.03 KB) This study introduces an information granular-based fuzzy radial basis function neural networks (FRBFNN) based on multiobjective optimization and weighted least square (WLS).
- Neural Network Imputation In Complex Survey Design (436.81 KB) Methods for incorporating sampling weights in neural network imputation were investigated to account for complex survey designs.
- Neuro-fuzzy control in load forecasting of power sector (210.02 KB) This paper focuses on short term load forecasting by using a hybrid model of neural networks and fuzzy logic.
- Neutral to Earth Voltage Analysis in Harmonic Polluted Distribution Networks (819.98 KB) The proposed algorithm composes fundamental frequency and harmonic frequencies power flows. The algorithm and the associated models are tested on IEEE 13 bus system.
- New approaches for remote I/O installations This paper explains an Advanced functionality with an easier setup.
- New Concepts for Medium Voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS (1437.73 KB)
- New coupling between PEEC method and an Integro-Differential Approach for modeling solid conductors (119.46 KB) In this paper, a coupling between PEEC and an integro-differential method in order to introduce any shape of magnetic-conductive thin plates in PEEC method is presented. The new coupling can be very fast and accurate.
- New Era In CNC Control and Maintenance This article explains the new CNC controls and maintenance.
- New Techniques for the Prevention of Power System Collapse (354.63 KB) This paper deals with some newer techniques for the prevention of the voltage system collapse for voltage system collapse, which may have a very large economic impact on the society.
- NGNs and Energy Efficiency (2.18 MB) This paper presents an overview of the main characteristics of NGNs and looks at how they can minimize power consumption of network, transmission and end-user equipment, as well as in data centres.
- Nonlinear Static Analysis Assess Seismic Performance, Vulnerability of Code Conforming RC Buildings (1443.77 KB) The three performance levels considered in the present study are immediate occupancy, life safety & collapse prevention. The vulnerability of buildings is estimated in terms of vulnerability index to assess the performance of building.
- Numerical Methods (74.43 KB) This paper explains about various numerical methods.
- Numerical Study of Transition Process in a Separated Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate (1443.77 KB) This study shows that for both cases (blunt and semi-circular leading edges) the primary two-dimensional instability originates from the free shear layer of the separation bubble via the Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism.
- Off-State Leakage Power Reduction by Automatic Monitoring and Control System (382.64 KB) This paper propose a new circuit design which monitor total leakage current during standby mode and generates the optimal reverse body bias voltage, by using ABB technique to compensate die-to-die parameter variations.
- Ohmic Food Warming Unit for a Mars Exploration Vehicle (113.82 KB)
- On the security economics of electricity metering (225.63 KB) This paper focuses on smart meters and ends up with five recommendations for the regulation of a future smart meter infrastructure.
- On using PEMFC for Electrical Power Generation on More Electric Aircraft (408.05 KB) In this paper is analyzed the integration of a fuel cell into the existing electrical generation and distribution systems of an aircraft.
- On-line condition assessement of high voltage CT in South Australia (239.5 KB) This paper describes experience in the introduction of on-line monitoring techniques for current transformers and bushings..
- Optical Frequency Combs: From Frequency Metrology to Optical Phase Control (891.82 KB) This study describes that for a comb with sufficiently broad bandwidth, it is now straightforward to determine the absolute frequencies of all of the comb lines using revolutionized optical-frequency metrology, synthesis, and optical atomic clocks.
- Optimal Design of UPFC Based Damping Controller Using Iteration PSO (440.63 KB) This paper presents a novel approach for tuning unified power flow controller (UPFC) based damping controller in order to enhance the damping of power system low frequency oscillations.
- Optimal Location and Design of TCSC controller For Improvement of Stability (384.73 KB) Power system stability improvement by a coordinate Design of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)controller is addressed in this paper.
- Optimal Particle Swarm Based Placement and Sizing of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (539.39 KB) The proposed CAPSO algorithm employs conventional quadratic smooth and augmented quadratic nonsmooth generator cost curves with sine components to improve the accurate of the model by incorporating the valve loading effects.
- Optimal placement flexible alternating current transmission system devices (140.55 KB) This paper investigates the voltage stability analysis of 14 bus systems by optimally locating Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices.
- Optimal placement of dstatcom and load flow analysis of radial distribution networks (277.79 KB) This paper presents the modeling of shunt Distribution FACT device in load flow analysis for the steady state voltage compensation and loss minimization.
- Optimal placement of phasor measurement units for power system (140.89 KB) This paper present a method to find minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for complete observability of power system network for normal operating conditions.
- Optimal placement of static var compensators in power system (121.67 KB) This paper presents a new method which applies the application of Genetic Algorithm as meta-heuristic optimization method for power system problems in distribution substations.
- Optimal Power Flow Path Selection Using Different Shortest Path Algorithms (78.53 KB) The scope of the proposed work is to identify the optimal power flow path using three shortest path algorithms: Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Bellman- Ford Algorithm(BFA)&Floyd Warshall Algorithm (FWA).
- Optimal Rotor Structure Design of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (1545.57 KB) A hybrid optimization scheme using GA in conjunction with Kriging is proposed. The algorithm is validated by using two mathematical problems and by optimizing rotor structure of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine.
- Optimal sizing of dg units using exact loss formula at optimal power factor (95.39 KB) In this paper IEEE 33-bus system is selected for locating and sizing of optimal distributed generation source.
- Optimally located svc for transmission of renewable energy (230.8 KB) Sensitivity analysis is used to determine area on which FACTS device has significant influence.This limited area is included in Optimal Power Flow control, it is very difficult to include entire system into optimization process.
- Optimization by Stochastic Programming for the Aggregation of a Commercial Virtual Power Plant (276.11 KB) This study describes a general methodology for the aggregation function of a portfolio of DER into a CVPP, in order to maximize the performance in the day-ahead market.
- Optimization of a Magnetic Deformable Nano Switch based on Semi-Analytical Model (193.49 KB) This paper is about the optimization of magnetic nano switch using a semi analytical model is presented that allows realizing the magnetic structural coupling considering contact analysis.
- Optimization of a Power Mosfet and its Monolithically Integrated Self-Powering Circuits (73.95 KB) This paper presents a physical structure optimization of an integrated semiconductor device design:a power MOSFET and other vertical transistors are integrated within the same die,which introduces self supplied power transistor.
- Optimization of Gate – Source/Drain Underlap on 30 nm Gate Length FinFET Based LNA Using TCAD (1032.34 KB) The effect of gate – drain/source underlap (Lun) on a narrow band LNA performance has been studied, in 30 nm FinFET using device and mixed mode simulations.
- Optimization of maintenance, diagnostic technique and design of substation equipment (173.39 KB) This paper describes the analysis of service experience for different substation equipment, like circuit-breaker and instrument transformers, and for gas-insulated substations (GIS).
- optimization of the performance of the wind power generation unit (342.6 KB) In this paper we analyzed RBF (radial basis function), FFBP (feed forward back propagation) & CFBP (cascade forward back propagation) neural networks for this purpose. At last the simulation results and discussion are presented.
- Optimization Shape of Variable-Capacitance Micromotor Using Seeker Optimization Algorithm (573.42 KB) In the current paper, the optimization shape of a polysilicon variable-capacitance micromotor (VCM) was determined using the seeker optimization algorithm (SOA).
- Optimization Techniques in Unit Commitment (50.09 KB) This paper presents a review of some of the advanced methods and techniques used to minimize the problems in the field of unit commitment based on many published articles.
- Optimized Security Algorithm for IEC 61850 based Power Utility System (439.24 KB) In this paper, we apply security algorithms (i.e., MD-5, SHA-1, and RSA) and measure their processing time and transmission delay of secured mission critical messages.
- Optimizing Large- Scale Combinatorial Problems using Max-Min Ant System Algorithm (797.99 KB) In this paper we introduce the Max-Min Ant System based version of the Ant System.
- Optimizing the Number of Bits/Stage in 10-Bit, 50Ms/Sec Pipelined A/D Converter (685.31 KB) This paper discusses the options of number of bits/stage conversion techniques in pipelined ADCs and their effect on Area, Speed, Power Dissipation and Linearity.
- Optimum Scheme for Insulation System in HV Generator based on Electromagnetic Analysis (897.99 KB) A very powerful method available to analyze electromagnetic performance is Finite Element Method (FEM) which is used in this paper.
- Overvoltages in protective and control circuits due to switching transients in high voltage substation (1299.71 KB) Switching operations in primary circuits and earthing faults induced very often surge voltages and currents in low-voltage cables in the area of high voltage HV substation
- Parameter estimation of VSI fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (109.08 KB) This paper discusses modeling and parameter estimation of PMSM. The design of a control system for a high performance drive requires a mathematical model of the motor.
- Particle swarm optimization based approach for loss reduction in unbalanced radial distribution system (177.48 KB) The losses at distribution level contribute a major portion of power system losses. Proper sizes of shunt capacitors in unbalanced radial distribution systems (URDS) can reduce some portion of this loss and can improve the voltage profile
- Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Logic Based Unified Power Flow Controller (472.46 KB) According to this, the capability of UPFC is observed by using different control mechanisms based on P, PI, PID and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) in this study.
- Performance Analysis of Multi Source, Single Output, Buck-Boost DCAC Converter Feeding Active Power (765.35 KB) In this paper, the performance of the proposed converter is studied, through power simulation program (PSIM), under different modes of operation during feeding active power to a distribution network.
- Performance Analysis of the Linear Induction Motor for the Deep-Underground High-Speed GTX (1903.83 KB) In this study, we examined the running resistance properties of a high-speed traction system based on a variety of tunnel types and vehicle organization methods.
- Performance Analysis of the Robust Least Squares Target Localization Scheme (476.49 KB) A practical recursive linear robust estimation scheme is proposed for target localization in the sensor network which provides range difference of arrival (RDOA) measurements.
- performance assessment ofdesigned controllers for 3TANK benchmark system (343.47 KB) In this paper, several controllers have been proposed using pole-placement with integral control.
- performance enhancement of power system by STATCOM - integrated architecture (129.52 KB) The paper aims to discuss the Performance Evaluation of STATCOM integrated with 118 – IEEE Test System and the Integrated Design Architecture for Efficient Management of Power System.
- Performance Evaluation of a Neural Network based General Purpose Space Vector Modulator (473 KB) The network with 8-bit precision is implemented in the IC XCV 400 and the results are presented. The performance of NN based general purpose SVM with higher bit precision is discussed.
- Phase change materials for thermal control spacecraft transportation (187.49 KB) This paper discusses a passive thermal control system using PCMs to maintain the temperature within the limits inside the enclosures used for transportation of spacecrafts.
- Phasor Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Configure Micro-grids (1226.99 KB) The present study presents the Phasor Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (PDPSO) algorithm, an effective optimization technique, the multi-dimensional vectors of which consist of magnitudes and phase angles.
- Photonic Implementation of 4-QAM/QPSK Electrical Modulation at Millimeter-Wave Frequency (402.88 KB) This paper propose a photonic method for generating millimeter-wave 4-QAM/QPSK modulated signals. The method is based on optical phase modulation by multilevel electrical signals and optical carrier-suppression.
- Photonically Assisted Generation of Arbitrary Millimeter-Wave and Microwave Electromagnetic Waveforms (436.95 KB) This study presents a novel optical technique for generation of arbitrarily shaped broad-band electromagnetic waveforms in the gigahertz-to-multiple-tens-of-gigahertz range using Direct Space-to-Time Optical Pulse Shaping.
- PIC based solar charging controller for battery (89.91 KB) This paper presents the use of PIC16F72 based solar charger controller for controlling the overcharging and discharging of a solar cell.
- Pine needle charcoal briquettes: rural technology option in pine forest (153.45 KB) This paper attempts to explain the briquetting technology of pine needles and the results showed that a significant improvement in calorific value.
- Plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a bryophyte: Fissidens minutus and its anti-microbial activity (312 KB) Biological methods of synthesis have paved way for the “greener synthesis”of nanoparticles. These have proven to be better methods due to slower kinetics, they offer better manipulation
- Power factor improvement in dual feedback PWM controlled AC/DC drives (251.72 KB) In this paper PWM controller with dual feedback loop with simple single-stage single-switch input-current shaping circuit was designed and tested for AC/DC drives which generates input current harmonics.
- Power line cable transfer function for modelling of power line communication system (306.49 KB) This paper presents the design of a power line communication modelthat describes the relation between the input and output voltage and current of the two-port network.
- Power Measurement Tutorial for the Green500 List (176.79 KB) This paper describes the basic procedures to be followed in order to measure the power consumption of a supercomputer.
- Power Protection: FaultsTypes & Effects (160.8 KB)
- Power Quality Disturbances and Protective Relays on Transmission Lines (204.91 KB) An algorithm based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis (MRA) is used for classification of transmission faults for quick restoration of power supply and for improving the transient stability.
- Power quality improvement in matrix converter using hybrid filter (270.4 KB) This paper proposes a hybrid filter to minimize the power quality impact of matrix converters. Matrix converters inject significant harmonics and nonstandard frequency components into power systems.
- Power Quality in Entertainment Facilities (55.34 KB)
- Power Reduction by Automatic Monitoring and Control System in Active Mode (653.04 KB) This paper describes a novel monitoring scheme to minimize total active power in digital circuits depend on the demand frequency.
- Power Regulation of Variable Speed Wind Turbines using Pitch Control based on Disturbance Observer (1566.73 KB) In this paper, the difference between the real wind speed and its rated value is regarded as a disturbance, and a component called disturbance observer (DOB) is added to the pre-designed control loop.
- Power Sharing Method for a Grid connected Microgrid with Multiple Distributed Generators (627.87 KB) A grid connected microgrid with multiple inverter-based distributed generators is considered. DG in FFC mode regulates the microgrid as a controllable load from the utility point of view as long as its output is within the capacity limit.
- Power synchronization control of VSC-HVDC transmission for weak AC system (259.2 KB) In this paper voltage source converter based HVDC transmission system is used for connecting two ac systems.
- Power System Damping Using Hierarchical Fuzzy Multi- Input Power System Stabilizer (509.26 KB) This paper proposes the application of a hierarchical fuzzy system (HFS) based on multi-input power system stabilizer (MPSS) and also Static Var Compensator (SVC) in multi-machine environment.
- Power System Security Assessment using Binary SVM Based Pattern Recognition (442.79 KB) This paper proposes a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based binary classification for static and transient security evaluation.
- Power System Voltage Control using LP and Artificial Neural Network (360.03 KB) In this paper, voltage and reactive power control using Neural Network techniques have been applied to the 33 shines- Tehran Electric Company.
- Power System with PSS and FACTS Controller: Tuning Employing Genetic Algorithm (472.84 KB) This paper presents a systematic procedure for modelling and simulation of a power system installed with a power system stabilizer (PSS) and a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS)-based controller.
- Power Theft Prevention and Power Quality Improvement using Fuzzy Logic (250.12 KB) This paper deals with Fuzzy logic based power theft prevention and power quality improvement.
- Power transformer life-cycle cost reduction (47.86 KB) This paper points out how power transformers may be kept in service longer than is the present policy in many utilities.
- Power Transformer Windings Partial Discharge Localization by Transfer Function (501.08 KB) In this paper, the transfer function method is presented as a tool for detection the deformation of the transformer windings.
- Predictive Dynamic Model of the Negative Lightning Discharge Based on Similarity - Part 2 Validation (561.07 KB) This paper presents a mathematical model, requiring only the cloud-ground geometry, applied voltage and some atmospheric parameters, has been used to predict the main macroscopic parameters of the negative lightning discharge.
- Predictive Dynamic Model of the Negative Lightning Discharge Based on Similarity with Long Laboratory Spark (780.41 KB) This paper presents a predictive dynamic model enabling a description of the whole negative lightning discharge based on LCR line electrical network parameters of electromagnetic field, physical laws and gas discharge theories.
- Preparation and Characteristics of Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor (886.07 KB) To achieve higher EDLC energy density with the Li4Ti5O12, the negative electrode of the hybrid supercapacitor was studied in this work.
- Preparation and characterization of P3HT-PCBM organic solar cells (133.4 KB) Different air annealing procedures and cathode materials were tried and the characteristics were compared with that of a standard thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell.
- Pressures Developed by Arc (959.22 KB) This paper suggests how to determine the magnitude of pressure generated by arcing fault.
- Probabilistic Load Flow Considering Wind Generation Uncertainty (411.83 KB) This paper describes a new approach to Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) by modifying the Two Point Estimation Method (2PEM) to cover some drawbacks of other currently used methods.
- Process capability improvement by putting statistical process control (124.38 KB) In this paper, the process control of a CNC Grinder manufactured at PMT Machines Ltd. Halol, (Gujarat) India is discussed.
- Processing ecg signal with kaiser window- based FIR digital filters (167.9 KB) The work in this paper is the design of FIR digital filters with Kaiser Window to remove the interferences or the artifacts.
- Protective Relays and Trip Units (882.49 KB)
- Prototype-based Classifier with Feature Selection and Its Design with Particle Swarm Optimization (894.28 KB) In this study, we introduce a prototype-based classifier with feature selection that dwells upon the usage of a biologically inspired optimization technique of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
- Pulse Skipping Modulated DC to DC Step Down Converter Under Discontinuous Conduction Mode (392.55 KB) A DC-to-DC buck converter is modelled and simulated in this paper under DCM.
- Pyramidal image blending using CUDA framework (267.88 KB) We propose and implement a pyramidal image blending algorithm using modern programmable graphic processing units. This algorithm is an essential part of an image stitching process for a seamless panoramic mosaic.
- Qualitative Modelling for Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Cycle (447.18 KB) In this paper a new qualitative hysteresis model for ferromagnetic core is presented, based on the function approximation capabilities of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS).
- Quality Assurance for CMS Tracker (281.18 KB)
- Ranges optimization of electrical machine using component sharing (152.5 KB) This paper is about the machine ranges optimization (from a few kW to more than 300 kW, and for speeds ranges between 750 rpm to more than 5500 rpm). The approach consists in sharing components to design ranges of products.
- Reactive power control and transmission loss reduction with realization of SVC and TCSC (180 KB) This paper has considered the setting of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices as additional control parameters for transmission loss reduction in power system.
- Reactive Power Pricing Framework Problems & a proposal for a competitive market (67.39 KB) This paper explores the technical and economic issues of determining reactive power pricing structures in an open-access environment.
- Reading an Electrical Meter (372.02 KB)
- Reading your electricity meter! (395.38 KB) This paper briefly explains about reading The Digital Meter, The Dial Meter and The Electronic Meter.
- Real Time Monitoring of Long Slender Shaft by Distributed-Lumped Modeling Techniques (558.46 KB) The aim of this paper is to determine the stress levels at the end of a long slender shaft such as a drilling assembly used in the oil or gas industry using a mathematical model in real-time.
- Real time performance analysis of buck DC-DC converter (252.51 KB) This paper investigates a buck topology that achieves improved performance of direct current dc-dc buck converter by increasing duty cycle and by selecting low side switching configuration to reduce the power losses .
- Real time pricing based power scheduling for domestic load in smart grid (461.1 KB) In this paper different automated meter reading (AMR) technologies and architecture of smart meter are discussed.
- Realization of Electronically Tunable Current mode First-order Allpass Filter and Its Application (448.2 KB) This article presents a resistorless current-mode firstorder allpass filter based on second generation current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs).
- Real-time compensation of instrument transformer dynamics using frequency-domain interpolation techniques (465.46 KB) This paper describes a technique to compensate for effects of instrument transformers dynamics in a computer-based power quality measurement system, the PQA.
- Real-Time On Line Tuning Of Fuzzy Controller for Two Link Rigid- Flexible Robot Manipulators (1371.93 KB) In this paper, a real time self-tuning MIMO fuzzy bang-bang controller (FBBC) is proposed to control two link rigid and flexible robot manipulators.
- Recent Trends in Ultra Large Capacity Three Phase Transformer Technology (124.01 KB)
- Rectennas design, development and applications (1197.64 KB) The present paper describes the development of rectenna in terms of its applications in Microwave Power Transmission, Harmonic Rejection, CP radiation and ISM band.
- Reduction of Components in Cascaded Transformer Multilevel Inverter Using Two DC Sources (648.26 KB) In this paper a novel cascaded transformer multilevel inverter is proposed. Each basic unit of the inverter includes two DC sources, single phase transformers and semiconductor switches.
- Reduction of linear systems using particle swarm optimization and polynomial method (281.85 KB) In this paper, a novel mixed method is used for reducing the higher order system to lower order system. The denominator polynomials are obtained by the PSO Algorithm and the numerator coefficients are derived by the polynomial method.
- Refinement of Non-Linear Magnetic Models via a Finite Element Subproblem Method (386.03 KB) This paper presents a Model refinements of non-linear magnetic circuits which performs via a finite element sub problem method which simplifies meshing and solving processes.
- Relays: a Path of Great Resistance (143.84 KB)
- Reliability Assessment on Different Designs of a SMES System Based on the Reliability Index Approach (601.13 KB) The current paper presents an effective methodology for assessing the reliability of electromagnetic designs when considering uncertainties of design variables.
- Reliability Enhancement of Power System using Risk Index Estimation Technique (79.02 KB) The paper presents a simplified approach to evaluate the risk index whose minimization results in the enhancement of power system reliability.
- Reliability improvement of radial distribution system with distributed generation (93.2 KB) This paper describes a methodology for reliability enhancement of radial distribution system with Distributed Generation (DG).
- Reliability state space model of Power Transformer (83.25 KB) In this paper the reliability model of the power transformer is obtained.
- Reliability-based Selection of Wind Turbines for Large-Scale Wind Farms (897.35 KB) This paper presents a reliability-based approach to select appropriate wind turbine types for a wind farm considering site-specific wind speed patterns.
- Research survey on MIFARE with RFID technology (72.27 KB) A paper that discusses the evolving technology of MIFARE and its potential for replacing the existing RFID technology. Though RFID technology has several advantages there are several technical disadvantages of RFID.
- Residential Electric Metering (180.11 KB)
- Risk Level Evaluation for Power System Facilities in Smart Grid (306.9 KB) This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the priority of maintenance and inspection of the power system facilities in the Smart Grid using the Risk Priority Number.
- Robust Control Analysis using Real-Time Implementation of a Hybrid Fuel Cell Power Generation System (764.06 KB) This paper describes a complete robustness analysis is performed for a hybrid Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor generationsystem with power management, realized through the control of two identical boost power converters.
- Robust FACTS Controller Design Employing Modern Heuristic Optimization Techniques (402.54 KB) The eigenvalue analysis and non-linear simulation results are presented and compared to show the effectiveness of both the techniques in designing a FACTS-based controller, to enhance power system stability.
- Robust Sensorless Speed Control of Induction Motor with DTFC and Fuzzy Speed Regulator (553.83 KB) Soft computing techniques, power electronic switches and low-cost computational hardware have made it possible to design and implement sophisticated control strategies for sensorless speed control of AC motor drives.
- Rotor Faults Detection in Induction Motor by Wavelet Analysis (395.24 KB) This paper describes the effects of rotor broken bar fault in the stator current of induction motor operating under non-constant load conditions. A broken rotor bar fault is replicated in a laboratory and its effect has been studied.
- Safety Operations on_ Medium Voltage Switchgear (85.49 KB)
- Safety rules & safety instructions (497.5 KB) As per CI. No. 11.3.2 of Gujarat Electricity Grid Code, STU/ Transmission licensee shall prepare his own "Safety Manual" for the Transmission lines: Substations.
- SCHOTT White Paper on Solar Thermal Power Plant Technology (2.36 MB)
- Selecting Current Transformers Part 1 (247.6 KB) This paper explains about the complexity of selecting the correct current transformer for the application.
- Self tuning controllers for damping low frequency oscillations (199.95 KB) This paper presents a new control methods based on adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy damping controller and adaptive Artificial Neural Networks damping controller techniques.
- Self-Algorithm Traffic Light Controllers for Heavily Congested Urban Route (1480.35 KB) The new method should also be easy for further enchantment of traffic light system in ensuring smoothness of traffic flow especially during peak hours.
- Self-Tuning PI-Type Fuzzy Direct Torque Control for Three-phase Induction Motor (1578.23 KB) In this article is proposed the Direct Torque Control (DTC) with Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based on Self-Tuning PI-Type Fuzzy (STPIF) controller.
- Sensitivity of input blocking capacitor on Output voltage and current of a PV inverter employing IGBTs (587.58 KB) This paper present a MATLAB-SIMULINK model of a single phase 2.5 KVA, 240V RMS controlled PV VSI (Photovoltaic Voltage Source Inverter) inverter using IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
- Sensor Optimisation via H∞ Applied to a MAGLEV Suspension System (1789.51 KB) In this paper a systematic method via H∞ control design is proposed to select a sensor set that satisfies a number of input criteria for a MAGLEV suspension system.
- SF6 gas insulated instrument transformers (366.88 KB) This paper gives a general description of SF6 gas insulated instrument transformers for voltages from 100 kV to 800 kV.
- SHAF for Mitigation of Current Harmonics Using p-q Method with PI and Fuzzy Controllers (1316.64 KB) The main objective of this paper is to analyze shunt active filters employing fuzzy and PI controllers.
- Short questions and answers Electrical Machines II (91.73 KB) This paper contains couple of short questions and their answers in Electrical Machines II.
- Shunt active filter algorithms for a three phase system fed to adjustable speed drive (257.21 KB) This paper presents the simulation of Shunt Active Power filter by using two different control schemes, Indirect current control technique and Synchronous detection technique by using ANN.
- SIMM Method Based on Acceleration Extraction for Nonlinear Maneuvering Target Tracking (661.75 KB) This paper presents the smart interacting multiple model (SIMM) using the concept of predicted point and maximum noise level. Maximum noise level means the largest value of the mere noises.
- Simple Bird Tone Generator Circuits Explained The article describes a few simple oscillator circuits.
- Simple Design Criteria of Injection Transformer for the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (126.01 KB) This paper presents the design strategy of injection transformer for the dynamic voltage restorer.
- Simplified approaches for controlling DC-DC power converters (427.44 KB) This paper represents the design procedures of different compensation schemes for voltage mode controlled (VMC) dc-dc switching converters.
- Simplified SVPWM algorithm based diode clamped 3-level inverter fed DTC-IM drive (131.41 KB) This paper presents a simplified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) based diode clamped three level inverter fed direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor drive.
- Simulation and Analysis of SVPWM Based 2-Level and 3-Level Inverters for Direct Torque of Induction Motor (459.41 KB) This paper presents a new scheme of direct torque control of induction motor for electric vehicles is proposed and the results of an investigation into suitable torque control schemes are also presented.
- Simulation and realization of a controlled solar water heating system (1863.08 KB) This paper describes a design and a realization of an example of solar energy exploitation systems; it is a simulation and a realization of solar water heating system with a control board based on the microcontroller PIC 16F877.
- Simulation of cycloconverter fed split phase induction motor (300.01 KB) The paper presents an analysis of the performance and speed control of the split phase induction motor when it is fed with cycloconverter.
- Simulation of sepic converter fed LEDs (189.27 KB) A current-shaper SEPIC converter for high brightness LEDs is presented in this paper.
- Simulation studies on automatic generation control in deregulated environment without considering GRC (243.56 KB) In this paper, analysis of automatic generation control (AGC) using integral controller is carried out in the deregulated environment.
- Single Stage PFC Microcontroller Based Drive For Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (285.94 KB) In this paper ,a new approach is presented aim at improving the power factor of three phase bridge inverter that equip with permanent Magnet Brushless DC motor(PMBLDCM)drive through microcontroller.
- Sizing Optimization with Thermal and Electrical Matching of a Thermogenerator placed on the Human Body (769.33 KB) In this paper,the study of a whole thermoelectric conversion chain incorporating the thermoelectric module(s), the DC-DC converter and a possible heat sink, in the project of thermal energy harvesting from the human body is presented.
- SLAC Electrical Safety (561.63 KB)
- Sliding mode controller design for the anti-ynchronization (161.14 KB) This paper investigates the anti-synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Newton-Leipnik systems (Ghosh and Bhattacharya, 2010) via sliding mode control.
- Slow kicker magnet system with energy recover pulse power supply (261.58 KB) Danfysik has developed a novel Slow Kicker Magnet Power Supply ERMPPS (Energy Recover Magnet Pulsed Power Supply) with associating magnet achieving high stability, long flat top and low energy consumption
- Smart electricity metering as an energy effi ciency instrument (345.41 KB) This paper presents a brief overview and analysis of regulatory and market conditions for Smart Metering in a selection of European countries and provides examples of innovative energy-saving products, enabled by Smart Metering.
- Smart Electricity Metering System for Greenhouses (1721.11 KB)
- Smart energy management system for domestic applications in Pakistan (617.31 KB) This paper proposes a smart energy management system that provides the household with a cost effective mix of energy from the available power sources i.e. solar, wind, gas powered generator and the utility (grid).
- Smart energy management without wires (157 KB) This article discusses how the energy harvesting wireless offers an easy, inexpensive alternative for adding energy management features to older automation systems.
- Smart Metering - Not One Size Fits All (203.64 KB)
- Smart Metering (264.21 KB) Smart metering is a topic that recently has attracted much attention. Smart metering promises many bene¯ts and projects in Europe, the USA and other countries show that smart metering is technically feasible.
- Smart Metering (264.21 KB) This paper will guide through some of the questions on smart meters and provide an insight into the status and future of smart metering and will focus on electricity meters in Europe.
- Smart Metering Electrical Paper 2009 (210.5 KB)
- Smart Metering Electrical Paper 2010 (345.41 KB)
- Smart Metering for Water Utilities - Oracle Whitepaper (162.98 KB)
- Smart Metering Frontier Economics (565.14 KB)
- Smart Metering Paper 2010 (264.21 KB)
- Smart Metering the Clouds (415.13 KB) As cloud computing becomes increasingly pervasive, the data center energy consumption attributable to cloud computing is climbing, despite the clarion call of action to reduce consumption and reverse environmental effects
- Solar powered three phase motor for various applications (478.32 KB) The main aim of the paper is to analyze and design of a current fed push pull DC-DC boost converter to integrate three phase electric motor through inverter.
- Soldering connections formation at influence of energy of electromagnetic fields in wide frequency band (109.15 KB) In this paper, the modeling and investigation of electromagnetic heating in soldering processes has allowed optimizing heating speed in local zones of formation of soldering connections.
- Solving Generator Loading Problems On Offshore Oil Platforms (97.94 KB)
- Solving the Economic Dispatch Problem using Novel Particle Swarm Optimization (396.85 KB) This paper proposes an improved approach based on conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving an economic dispatch(ED) problem with considering the generator constraints.
- Source Couple Logic (SCL): Theory and Physical Design (378.87 KB) This study is to analyse the Source-Coupled Logic (SCL) inverter and the effect of submicron layout parasitics. The SCL inverter circuit model and its operation is defined.
- Speed control of brushless DC motor on resonant pole inverter using fuzzy logic controller (318.48 KB) Brushless dc motor has been widely used in drive system and servo control because of its fast response ,high density ,high efficiency, low inertia, high reliability ,maintenance free.
- Speed control of induction motor when subjected to non-linear variations in parameters (211.58 KB) In this work the control strategy is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem such that the stable tracking performance can be ensured under the occurrence of system uncertainties.
- Speed control of separately excited DC motor using fuzzy neural model (232.11 KB) This paper presents the speed control of a separately excited dc motor using Fuzzy Neural Model Referance controller.
- Stability of LTI Systems with Unstructured Uncertainty Using Quadratic Disc Criterion (975.37 KB) This paper deals with robust stability of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with unstructured uncertainties.
- Stability study for optimal energy management in multisources building (82.16 KB) In this paper a stability study applying numeric analyses on the optimization problem of energy management is studied.
- Staged Tests Increase Awareness of Arc-Flash Hazards in Electrical Equipment (411.92 KB) This paper presents experimental results of staged tests simulating the participation of workers in the test scene.
- Standard Technical Specification for preparation of electrical engineering drawings (77.25 KB) This paper details the requirements for the production or modification of electrical engineering drawings for the Hunter Water Corporation (HWC).
- STATCOM control strategy Lyapunov energy function, fuzzy logic control improving transient stability (896.51 KB) This paper proposes a nonlinear control strategy of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for improving transient stability of multimachine power system.
- Static Voltage Stability Assessment Considering the Power System Contingencies (702.47 KB) This paper, by considering of power system contingencies based on the effects of them on Mega Watt Margin (MWM) and maximum loading point is focused in order to analyse the static voltage stability using continuation power flow method.
- Statistical Testing of Electric Meters (620.97 KB) This paper explains about the features of a statistical sampling/testing plan, regulation requirements, inspection levels and applications for Electric Meter testing.
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- The effect of conventional instrument transformer transients on numerical relay elements (270.68 KB) This paper describes the effect of conventional instrument transformer transients on numerical relay elements and discusses about numerical relay designs that cope with conventional instrument transformer transients.
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- The History of Electric Measuring Instruments and Active Components (233.29 KB) Precision electric meters are indispensable to the development of technology in this age. The first electric measuring instruments, however, were physically impossible to transport, and were functionally inadequate for use in a laboratory.
- The Impact of International and European Standards upon Power Quality (73.65 KB)
- The Influence of the Commons Structure Modification on the Active Power Losses Allocation (975.11 KB) In this paper is presented the influence of the modification of commons structure has on the specific price of transfer and on active power losses.
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- The Striking Facts About Lightning and Surge Protection (8.26 KB)
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- The use of smart branch-circuit metering technology to lower building energy use (202.84 KB)
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- Three Phase High Power Quality Two-Stage Boost Rectifier (453.67 KB) Three-phase two-stage boost rectifier with sinusoidal input current are presented and a novel topology with two active power devices is proposed.
- Three-Level Converters based Generalized Unified Power Quality Conditioner (508.46 KB) A generalized unified power quality conditioner (GUPQC) by using three single-phase three-level voltage sourceconverters (VSCs) connected back-to-back through a common dc link is proposed.
- Three-Phase High Frequency AC Conversion Circuit with Dual Mode PWM/PDM Control Strategy (765.03 KB) This paper presents a novel three-phase utility frequency to high frequency soft switching power conversion circuit with dual mode pulse width modulation and pulse density modulation for high power induction heating applications.
- TMS320f2812 based implementation of sensorless control for BLDC motor (573.12 KB) The paper attempts to develop a novel sensorless control scheme suitable for brushless dc permanent magnet (BLDC-PM) motor with a view to elaborate its flexible operating status.
- To estimate the fault in transmission line using Haar function (519.84 KB) In this paper, the sine and cosine Fourier co-efficient are expressed in terms of Haar co-efficient.
- Topology coding in spectral domain for effective medical image retrieval (348.84 KB) This paper present an approach for image retrieval based on shape based approach. The approach is developed with a curvature representation approach
- Torque Ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motor Using Passivity-Based Robust Adaptive Control (537.25 KB) In this paper by using the port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems theory, a full-order nonlinear controlled model is first developed.
- Tracking Objects in Color Image Sequences: Application to Football Images (471.68 KB) In this paper, we present a comparative study between two computer vision systems for objects recognition and tracking, these algorithms describe two different approach based on regions constituted by a set of pixels.
- Trajectory tracking control of scorbot-er v plus robot manipulator based on kinematical approach (293.39 KB) In this paper, two approaches to generating such trajectories: straight lines in joint space and straight lines in Cartesian space have been discussed.
- Transformer Errors and Transformer Inrush: Measured by Magnetic, Optical and Other Unconventional CTs (992.62 KB) This paper will identify some of the conditions in which classical magnetic current transformers are prone to error and review the various types of current sensors available on the market.
- Transformer Polarity (94.26 KB) This paper briefly describes about transformer polarity.
- Transformer Tapchanging Under Load: A Review of Concepts and Standards (88.68 KB) An electric power system, operating as intended, is a prime illustration of slow dynamics wherein long term trends may result in less than optimal system operation.
- Transformer types (191.31 KB) This paper describes the types of transformers.
- Transformers (961.39 KB) This paper explains about transformers in detail.
- Transients and Electric Metering (1550.05 KB)
- Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Network Adequacy and Investment Cost Limitation (404.92 KB) In this research, STNEP is being studied considering network adequacy and limitation of investment cost by decimal codification genetic algorithm (DCGA).
- Transmission Planning - a Probabilistic Load Flow Perspective (403.42 KB) The objective is to achieve a network that works without limit violations for all (or most of) scenario realizations. The case study is represented by the IEEE 14 buses test power system.
- Tuning a Fractional Order PID Controller with Lead Compensator in Frequency Domain (438.96 KB) To achieve the desired specifications of gain and phase margins for plants with time-delay that stabilized with FO-PID controller a lead compensator is designed.
- Tuning of Power System Stabilizers in a Multi-Machine Power System using C-Catfish PSO (421.29 KB) The main objective of this paper is to investigate the enhancement of power system stability via coordinated tuning of Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) in a multi-machine power system.
- Ultrasonic Flow Measurement: Technology and Applications in Process and Multiple Vent Stream Situations (1696.29 KB) This paper explains about the characteristics of ultrasonic flow measurement and their benefits in specific cases.
- Uncertainty in measurements of power and energy on power networks (164.03 KB) In this paper, the general problem is to determine the uncertainty of the energy produced in a specified power station and delivered to different consumers.
- Understanding Charge Dynamics in Elastomers Adopting Pulsed Electro Acoustic (PEA) Technique (954.12 KB) In the present work, Pulsed Electro Acoustic (PEA) technique was adopted to understand the space charge dynamics in elastomeric material.
- Understanding Nonlinear Loads And Generator Set Interation (41.55 KB)
- Understanding Solid-state relays (165 KB) This paper relates to the principles of operation, applications and the advantages of the solid state relays.
- Using Support Vector Machine for Prediction Dynamic Voltage Collapse in an Actual Power System (414.56 KB) This paper presents dynamic voltage collapse prediction on an actual power system using support vector machines.
- Using the Electrical Wiring Diagram (1852.28 KB) This paper explains the features of each EWD section and also how to apply the system circuit diagrams and support sections in diagnostic process.
- Variable Generation on the Dispatch Operation in Isolated Power Systems (906.56 KB) In this paper, the operation of medium/small isolated power systems with a high share of variable generation is addressed and discussed.
- Vibration sensor for health monitoring of electrical machines in power station (101.79 KB) The present paper describes a novel fiber optic vibration sensor for health monitoring of electrical machines, which utilizes relatively simple technologies and offers moderate costs.
- Vision based autonomous lateral and longitudinal control system (577.54 KB) This paper proposes 1D sensor calibration algorithm which makes the vehicle to identify the track independent of various lighting conditions.
- Voltage stability improvement in power system by using STATCOM (115.33 KB) The proposed work was analyzed using IEEE 14 bus test system. The STATCOM improves the voltage stability margin of the system.
- Voltage Temperature Monitoring System (VTMS) for a BTS Room (718.4 KB) VTMS is a Microcontroller based controlling unit which controlls the operation of generator and battery when PDB in not available in the BTS room.
- Volts, Amps and Ohms (113.16 KB)
- Volt-second balance for mitigation of inrush current in single phase transformers (143.84 KB) This paper proposes a simple technique to limit the flux linkage during the time of transformer energization and prevents the flux saturation there by reducing the inrush current.
- Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machine Approach for Fault Location in Power Transmission Line (305.59 KB) This paper presents a wavelet transform and Support Vector Machine (SVM) based algorithm for estimating fault location on transmission lines.
- White Paper on Renewable Energy (2.22 MB)
- Whole-House Measurements of Standby Power Consumption (37.72 KB) This paper explains about the variation in standby power consumption.
- Wireless Control for an Induction Motor (456.67 KB) This paper discusses the development of wireless structure control of an induction motor scalar drives.
- Wiring diagram layout (85.2 KB) This paper explains how to read wiring diagrams, symbols used in wiring diagrams and explanation of troubleshooting procedures.
- Work in Energy Efficiency (281.88 KB) This paper details some of the current contributions by the School of Architecture and Planning.
- Zero-one Integer Programming Approach to Determine the Minimum Break Point Set (810.96 KB) The current study presents a zero-one integer programming approach to determine the minimum break point set for the coordination of directional relays.
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- The Need for Load Shedding In Generating, Transmission and Distribution Systems This paper explains about the needs for load shedding.
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- Induction Motor Model This paper explains about the single cage and double cage models.
- Control This paper explains about the open and closed lood controls.
- PLC This paper explains about the basic programmable logic controller sizing.
- Dielectric Absorption Test This paper explains about the testing device applied to an insulation system, there are generally three types of current flow.
- Partial Discharge This paper explains about the partial discharge testing and test circuit calibration.
- DGA Testing This paper explains about the dissolved gas analysis testing.
- 2 Winding Transformer Models This paper explains about the positive sequence and zero sequence model.
- Dry-Type Transformer Testing This paper explains about the dielectric loss angle measurement and partial discharge tests.
- Transformer Impedance This paper explains about the two winding transformers.
- Transformer Inrush This paper explains about the effects of switching angle and residual flux.
- Current transformer concepts This paper explains about the standards for current transformers.
- Overcurrent Protection This paper explains about the tranformer and motor protection.
- What is a Synchronous Motor ? This article confers the concept of a synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the alternating current and resulting magnetic field which drives it.
- What is Power Factor ? This article explains the power factor of an AC electric power system which defines the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power, and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1 (frequently expressed as a percentage, e.g. 0.5 pf = 50% pf).
- Circuit Breakers used in our Homes This article affords the Circuit breakers are an electric switch automatically operated and designed to guard an electrical circuit from damage.
- AC Power - Basics This article describes the Power in an electric circuit is the rate of flow of energy past a given point of the circuit.
- Power Electronics - Basics This article describes about the applications of solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power.
- Variable Frequency Drives This paper breifs about a system for controlling the rotational speed of analternating current (AC) electric motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor.
- Node-voltage analysis of resistive circuit in the context of dc voltages and currents This article breifs the Solution of Electric Circuit Based on Node Voltage Method.
- Introducing the Course on Basic Electrical This article discusses the Electrical circuits, Electrical Machines and Measuring instruments.
- Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power an Overview This article explains the different methods of generating electrical power, also involves transporting the power to different types of consumers located generally at far off places from the generating stations.
- Introduction of Electric Circuit This article breifs about how to understand the Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws and their applications to circuits and basic principles of voltage dividers and current dividers.
- Loop Analysis of resistive circuit in the context of dc voltages and currents This article explains about general and powerful circuit analysis tool based on Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL).
- Wye (Y) - Delta (∆) OR Delta (∆)-Wye (Y) Transformations This paper describes a part of a larger circuit that is configured with three terminal network Y(orΔ) to convert into an equivalent Δ(or Y) through transformations.
- Superposition Theorem in the context of dc voltage and current sources acting in a resistive network This article explains the Statement of superposition theorem and its application to a resistive d.c network containing more than one source in order to find a current through a branch or to find a voltage across the branch.
- Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems in the context of dc voltage and current sources acting in a resistive network This paper describes the Maximum power transfer theorem and power transfer efficiency and Use Norton’s theorem for analysis of dc circuits and study the advantage of this theorem over conventional circuit reduction techniques in situations where load changes.
- Analysis of dc resistive network in presence of one non-linear element This article confers the concept of load-line and analysis of dc resistive network having a single non-linear element using load-line analysis.
- Study of DC transients in R-L and R-C circuits This article explains the inductance and continuity condition for inductors and capacitors.
- Study of DC transients in R-L-C Circuits This paper describes about how to develop a thorough understanding how to find the complete solution of second order differential equation that arises from a simple RLC−− circuit.
- Generation of Sinusoidal Voltage Waveform (AC) and Some Fundamental Concepts This article describes the periodic voltage or current waveforms, to compute or obtain the average and rms values, and also the time period and involves how to compare the different periodic waveforms, using above values.
- Representation of Sinusoidal Signal by a Phasor and Solution of Current in R-L-C Series Circuits This article explains that how the average and rms values of the periodic voltage or current waveforms, are computed.
- Solution of Current in R-L-C Series Circuits This article affords the conept that how to perform elementary mathematical operations, like addition/ subtraction and multiplication/division, of two or more phasors, represented as complex quantity.
- Solution of Current in AC Series and Parallel Circuits This article breifs that how to solve for the impedance, and current in an ac circuit, consisting of two elements, R and L / C, in series, and then draw complete phasor diagram.
- Solution of Current in AC Parallel and Series- parallel Circuits This article discusses about the computational method of the total power and also power consumed in the different components, along with power factor.
- Resonance in Series and Parallel Circuits This paper discusses about how to solve for the current(s) in parallel and series-parallel circuits, fed from single phase ac supply, and then draw complete phasor diagram.
- Three-phase Balanced Supply This article explains about types of connections (star and delta) normally used for three-phase balanced supply.
- Three-phase Delta-Connected Balanced Load This paper describes about how to calculate the currents (line and phase), for the delta-connected balanced load fed from a three-phase balanced system.
- Measurement of Power in a Three-phase Circuit This article breifs about How to connect the two-wattmeter to measure the total power in a three-phase circuit – both balanced and unbalanced.
- Magnetic Circuits This article discusses about the information about the core is necessary for solving linear magnetic circuit and non linear magnetic circuit.
- Eddy Current & Hysteresis Loss This article explains that Factors on which eddy current loss and hysteresis loss depends.
- Ideal Transformer This apaper describes the basic working principle of operation under no load condition and the factors on which peak flux in the core depend.
- Practical Transformer This article breifs the effect of core loss, winding resistances and magnetizing current are taken into an account.
- Testing, Efficiency & Regulation This article discusses about how to calculate efficiency of the transformer at a given load and power factor.
- Three Phase Transformer This article breifs an important advantage and disadvantage of connecting a bank of 3-phase transformer.
- Auto-Transformer This paper describes the 2-winding transformer as Autotransformer and Autotransformer as a single unit.
- Problem solving on Transformers This paper describes about the Problems on 2 winding single phase transformers and Problems on 3-phase ideal transformer.
- Rotating Magnetic Field in Three-phase Induction Motor This article explains the magnitude of the magnetic field remain constant, and also what is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field.
- Construction and Principle of Operation of IM This article breifs about the merits and demerits of the two types (cage and wound, or slip-ring) of rotors in IM.
- Equivalent Circuit and Power Flow Diagram of IM This article determines the induced emfs, and the currents, per phase in the stator and rotor windings.
- Torque-Slip (speed) Characteristics of Induction Motor (IM) This paper describes about the expression for the gross torque developed as a function of slip (speed) of Induction motor and maximum torque and the slip (speed) at which it occurs.
- Different Types of Starters for Induction Motor (IM) This article explains the Two (Star-Delta and Auto-transformer) types of starters used for Squirrel cage Induction motor and Starter using additional resistance in rotor circuit, for Wound rotor (Slip-ring) Induction motor.
- Starting Methods for Single-phase Induction Motor This paper describes the Various starting methods used in the single-phase induction motors, with the intro-duction of additional features, like the addition of another winding in the stator, and/or capacitor in series with it.
- Constructional Features of D.C Machines This article explains about the function of commutator & brush, Double layer winding, Coil span & commutator pitch and Lap & wave winding and number of armature parallel paths in a D.C Machine
- Principle of Operation of D.C Machines This article describes the dynamics involved while the operating point moves from one steady state condition to another.
- EMF & Torque Equation This article breifly explains about the factors on which the electromagnetic torque developed depend and purpose of compensating winding & interpole – its location and connection.
- D.C Generators This paper describes about how to predict the load characteristic of a shunt generator from its open circuit characteristic and locate the shunt and series field coils in the machine and comment on their relative number of turns and cross sectional areas.
- D.C Motors This article breifs the Use and selection of variable resistance as a simple starter in the armature circuit of a d.c motor and also involves the Principle of electric braking – qualitative explanation.
- Losses, Efficiency and Testing of D.C. Machines This article explains to know how to estimate and predict efficiency of a d.c shunt motor by doing simple test.
- Problem Solving on D.C Machines This article discusses the Problem Solving on D.C Machines.
- Study of DC-AC Measuring Instruments This article discusses about how to understand the basic construction of a permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) instrument and its operation.
- Study of Electro-Dynamic Type Instruments This article explains about the basic operation and development of torque expressions for ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter.
- Study of Single Phase Induction Type Energy Meter or Watt-hour Meter This article explains how to understand the basic construction and different components of a single phase induction type energy meter.
- Power Electronics This paper describes about the key features of the principal Power Electronic Devices.
- Constructional Features, Operating Principle, Characteristics and Specification of Power Semiconductor Diode This article explains the Calculation of voltage drop across a forward biased diode for a given forward current and vice-verse.
- Power Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) This article configures the design a BJT base drive circuit and offers the difference between the characteristics of an ideal switch and a BJT.
- Thyristors and Triacs This paper describes the operating principle of a thyristor in terms of the “two transistor analogy” and principle of a Triac.
- Gate Turn Off Thyristor (GTO) This article breifs the different between the steady state output and gate characteristics of a GTO and a thyristor and constructional features of a GTO and a Thyristors.
- Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) This article discusses the difference between the safe operating area of a MOSFET and a BJT and Design the gate drive circuit of a MOSFET.
- Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) This article explains the design a basic gate drive circuit for an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and difference between the constructional features of an IGBT and a MOSFET.
- Hard and Soft Switching of Power Semiconductors This paper describes about how to suggest means of reducing such stresses with external circuitry and propose alternative switching methods for stress reduction.
- Single Phase Uncontrolled Rectifier This article defines and calculate the characteristic parameters of the voltage and current waveforms.
- Single Phase Fully Controlled Rectifier This article explains the operating principle of a single phase fully controlled bridge converter and how to analyze the converter operation in both continuous and discontinuous conduction mode and there by find out the average and RMS values of input/output, voltage/currents.
- Single Phase Half Controlled Bridge Converter This article describes about the Constructionof conduction table and thereby draw the waveforms of different system variables in the continuous conduction mode of operation of the converter.
- Operation and Analysis of the Three Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Converter This article explains how to analyze the operation of higher pulse number converters and dual converter.
- Operation and Analysis of Three Phase Half Controlled Converter This paper describes about the Identification of constructional and operational difference between a three phase fully controlled and half controlled converter.
- Effect of Source Inductance on the Performance of AC to DC Converters This article estimates the overlap angles under a given operating condition and hence determine the turn off time available for the thyristors.
- Power Factor Improvement, Harmonic Reduction, Filter This article explains the methods for harmonic reduction in the current waveforms of the converters and Types of filters used to obtain ripple free (dc) output voltage and currents, reducing the harmonics.
- Types of Basic DC-DC Converters This article breifs about the three basic types of dc-dc converter circuits − buck, boost and buck-boost.
- Analysis of Buck Converter (DC-DC) Circuit This paper describes the average value and the ripple factor of the load current and harmonic components of the output voltage waveform.
- Commutation of Thyristor-Based Circuits Part-I This article breifs the operation of the turn-off circuits and Design of a SCR commutation circuit.
- Commutation of Thyristor-Based Circuits Part-II This article explains the Limitations of line commutation and Consequences of the commutating methods on device stresses.
- Introduction to Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Circuit This article explains the basic principle of operation of linear and switched mode power supplies.
- Fly-Back Type Switched Mode Power Supply This article explains the principle of operation of fly-back SMPS circuit and Design a simple fly-back converter circuit.
- Forward Type Switched Mode Power Supply This article breifs about how to calculate the ratings of devices, components, transformer turns ratio for the given input and output voltages and the required output power.
- C uK and Sepic Converter This article explains the Expression for average output voltage and inductor currents and Current ripple and voltage ripple calculations.
- Design of Transformer for Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Circuits This article explains the underlying principles behind the design of a high frequency transformer and inductor.
- AC to AC Voltage Converters This article breifs the Ability to formulate equations describing the current waveform for the PAC and sketch the current waveform by observation of the circuit.
- Three-phase AC Regulators This article explains the circuits used for the three-phase ac regulators (ac to ac voltage converters) and important points of comparison of the performance with different types of circuits.
- Phase Angle Control in Triac-based Single-phase AC Regulators This paper describes about the circuit used for the phase angle control in triac-based single-phase ac regulators (ac to ac voltage converters).
- Introduction to Cyclo-converters This article configures the circuit for the single-phase to single-phase cyclo-converter using thyristors and operation of the above cyclo-converter circuit, along with the voltage waveforms.
- Three-phase to Single-phase Cyclo-converters This paper describes the three-phase to single-phase cyclo-converter circuit, using two three-phase full-wave thyristorised bridge converters.
- Three-phase to Three-phase Cyclo-converters This article explains the three-phase to three-phase cyclo-converter circuit, using six three-phase half-wave thyristorised converters and analysis of the cyclo-converter output waveform.
- Control Circuit for Three-phase to Three-phase Cyclo-converters This article discusses the control circuits used for the three-phase to three-phase cyclo-converters using two three-phase converters, to generate the firing pulses for the thyristors.
- Introduction to Voltage Source Inverters This article explains about how to Identify the basic topology of single-phase and three-phase inverters and also explain its principle of operation.
- Analysis of 1-Phase, Square - Wave Voltage Source Inverter This article breifs the operating principle of a single-phase square wave inverter and Decide on voltage and current ratings of inverter switches.
- 3-Phase Voltage Source Inverter With Square Wave Output This paper describes about harmonic analysis of load voltage and load current output by the three-phase sq. wave inverter.
- 3-Phase Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Inverter This article explains about how to Compare the quality of output voltage produced by different PWM inverters.
- Sine PWM and its Realization This article describes that how to calculate output voltage magnitude from the inverter operating parameters.
- Other Popular PWM Technique This article confers the concept of sine+3rd harmonic modulated PWM inverter and estimate the output voltage of the inverter using above PWM techniques.
- Current Source Inverter This article confers the circuit for single-phase Current Source Inverter (CSI) using thyristors and Auto-Sequential Commutated mode of operation for 1-ph. Inverter (ASCI), with waveform.
- Load-commutated Current Source Inverter (CSI) This article breifly explains about Load-commutated Current Source Inverter and its triggered waveforms.
- Digital Signal Processors This article explains the architecture of a Real time Signal Processing Platform Different Errors introduced during A-D and D-A converter stage.
- Memory-Interfacing This paper describes the different modes of a typical Embedded Controller, Standard Control Signals for Memory Interface and Requirement of External Memory.
- Timers This article breifs about the basic mode of timer and counter operation, internal Timer of 8051 and also about Watchdog Timer and Watchdog circuit.
- Interrupts This paper discusses about the Interrupt Service Subroutines and Programmable Interrupt Controller.
- AD and DA Converters This article explains about the Sampling Theorem and different Methods of AD Conversions.
- Analog Interfacing This paper describes the Various Methods of acquiring and generating analog data and interfacing of analog signals to microcontrollers/microprocessors.
- Field Programmable Gate Arrays and Applications This article list and explain the principle of operation of the various functional units within an FPGA and Compare the architecture and performance specifications of various commercially available FPGA.
- Parallel Data Communication This article lists the names of common parallel bus standards along with their important features.
- Serial Data Communication This paper describes about how serial communication can be used to interconnect two remote computers using the telephone line
- Network Communication This article lists the commonly adopted network communication standards and explain their basic features and describes the need and importance of networking in an embedded system.
- Wireless Communication This article distinguishes between WLAN, WPAN and their different implementations like Ricochet, HiperLAN, HomeRF and Bluetooth.
- Introduction to Real-Time Systems This paper Visualizes the basic model of a Real-Time system and Identify the characteristics of a Real-Time system.
- Concepts in Real-Time Operating Systems This article discusses the shortcomings on traditional Unix in Real-Time applications and features of Windows NT desirable for Real-Time applications.
- Commercial Real-Time Operating Systems This article explains the historical background under which POSIX was developed and also explains Understand the Real-Time POSIX standard.
- Requirements Analysis and Specification This article breifs on the basics of decision trees and decision table and formal techniques and formal specification languages.
- Modelling Timing Constraints This article discusses about how to Identify the different types of delay, deadline, and duration constraints associated with a system and an Extended Finite State Machine.
- On-line Testing of Embedded Systems This article describes the main issues in on-line testing and identify applications where on-line testing are required for embedded systems.
- Boundary Scan Methods and Standards This article explains the meaning of the term Boundary Scan, advantages and disadvantages of the boundary scan technique.
- Two Dimensional Diffraction This article describes briefly about the 2D diffraction.
- Conductive Inserts This article explains about Conductive inserts in an insulating film.
- Derating This article explains about the derating.
- Dielectric Material This article discuss about the dielectric material introduction and about the dielectric constant.
- Diffraction patterns and Information obtained from it This article deals with the brief discussion on diffraction pattern and information obtained.
- Electrical Protection This article describes about electrical protection.
- Failure Mechanisms in Other Components This article describes the Components in hermetic packages, Other passive components, Board failures, Solderability degradation.
- Failure Through Electrical Stress This article explains about Failures in powered system, Failures due to ESD during manufacture, The cost of ESD failures, Failure modes, ESD sensitivity, Trends in ESD sensitivity.
- Image formation This article describes about image formation using convex lens and mirror.
- Improving Reliability by Screening This article explains about improving reliabilty in screening.
- Introduction To Diffraction I This article explains the introduction to diffraction.
- Loss and Applications in Dielectrics This article describes the loss and applications of dielectrics.
- Printed circuit boards-Alternative board materials This article explains about a resin binder affects chemical and environmental performance as well as electrical and mechanical properties.
- Printed circuit boards-Basic board materials This article breifs about the concept of the main materials of which a printed circuit board is made.
- Printed circuit boards-Conductor finishes: nickel-gold This article explains about a flatter surface finish is needed, many companies use ‘nickel/gold’, more properly referred to as ‘ENIG’ (Electroless Nickel, Immersion Gold), in which a 3–5μm layer of electroless nickel is given a thin gold ‘flash’ coating by immersion plating, an ion exchange process which coats the whole of the nickel surface.
- Printed circuit boards-Conductor finishes: tin-lead This article breifs about Tin-lead has been a traditional track finish for many years because it protects the underlying copper from attack during etching and, if correctly applied, has good solderability even after a long shelf life.
- Printed circuit boards-Immersion silver This article breifs about immersion silver is gaining popularity, partly because it does not need hazardous or toxic chemicals.
- Printed circuit boards-Immersion tin This article explains about a Tin can be plated to give a very wide range of results depending on the conditions: matt tin is a very pure material: deposited from an alkaline.
- Printed circuit boards-Organic board coatings This article explains the term ‘organic board coatings’ covers two distinct types of coating.
- Printed circuit boards-Properties of laminates This article breifs about the resin type and formulation affect the laminate’s electrical characteristics and its chemical resistance and fire resistance.
- Printed circuit boards-Selecting a board finish This article deals with the inner sections of the board are made, and at the components that will be assembled on it.
- Printed circuit boards-Solder mask design basics This article explains about the specification which is intended to facilitate evaluation of solder mask by a vendor using a standard board system, and to enable designer, manufacturer, and user together to qualify a production board process.
- Printed circuit boards track resistance This article explains about the resistance of PCB tracks varies in proportion to their length and inversely to their cross-sectional area.
- Protecting against Mechanical Failure This article describes about Enhancing robustness, Issues of fatigue, Vibration and resonance, Protecting components from stress and Stress countermeasures.
- Wires Matter This article describes about the usage of wires.
- A Signal's Spectrum This article discusses the general overview of how to solve simple electrical engineering problems.
- AC Motors This article describes AC motors, Three phase AC Induction motors and Induction motors.
- Complex Fourier Series This article explains definition of the complex fourier series.
- DC motors This article explains dc motors, motors and enerators and an alternator.
- Dependent Sources This article describes about the dependant sources.
- Designing Transfer Functions This article summarizes the key concepts of transfer functions and includes examples of using transfer functions.
- Differential Equations as system models in Dynamics Non Linear Systems This article explains about differential equations as system models in dynamics non linear systems.
- Discrete-Time Signals This article explains Signals can be represented by discrete quantities instead of as a function of a continuous variable. These discrete time signals do not necessarily have to take real number values. Many properties of continuous valued signals transfer almost directly to the discrete domain.
- Electric Circuits and Interconnection Laws This article explains the circuit and kirchoff's law.
- Elemental Signals This article describes complex signals can be built from elemental signals, including the complex exponential, unit step, pulse, etc. This module presents the elemental signals in brief.
- Encoding Information in the Frequency Domain This article explains using a finite Fourier series to represent the encoding of information in time T.
- Equivalent Circuits: Resistors and Sources This article gives the Introduction of equivalent circuits, including the function in v-i relation.
- Faraday’s Induction Law This article explains about a stationary circuit in a time-varying field.
- Filtering This article breifs about the concept of filtering which is a direct consequence of the fact that for linear,
time-invariant systems the Fourier transform of the output is the Fourier transform of the input multiplied by the frequency response, i.e., the Fourier
transform of the impulse response. - Filtering Periodic Signals This article demonstrates the effect that a time-invariant filter can have on periodic waveforms.
- Formal Circuit Methods: Node Method This article describes how to use a formal circuit method--the node method--to "solve" any circuit. A formal method can be employed when standard simplification rules cannot be used.
- Homopolar motor, homopolar generator This article explains Homopolar motor, Homopolar generator.
- Ideal Circuit Elements This article provides examples of the elementary circuit elements; the resistor, the capacitor,and the inductor, which provide linear relationships between voltage and current.
- Input/output and state space models in Dynamics Non Linear Systems This article tell us about Input/output and state space models in Dynamics Non Linear Systems.
- LC Oscillations and Resonance This article discusses resonance in LC circuits (circuits containing a capacitor and an inductor).
- Linear motors This article describes about linear motors.
- Loudspeakers This article explains about loudspeakers and its functions.
- Maxwell’s Equations This paper discusses about Maxwell's curl equations for electrostatic fields and modified for time-varying situations to satisfy Faraday's law.
- Microprocessors Directives This paper explain about the microprocessors directives and sample programms, assemble, link, and run a program.
- Microprocessors Flag Register This paper explain about the microprocessors flag register and bit fields.
- Microprocessors I This paper explain about the Microcomputers and Microprocessors.
- Microprocessors Memory Map This paper explain about the memory map of the IBM PC of microprocessors
- Operational Amplifiers This article explains the workings of an op-amp.
- Rectifiers in Power Electronics This articles gives a introduction to rectifiers in Power Electronics.
- Series and Parallel Circuits This article gives brief look at series and parallel circuits. Also defines voltage and current divider.
- Signals Represent Information This article deals with brief discussion of information and signals. This module includes an introduction to the notion of continuous and discrete-time signals.
- Simple Systems This article describes few simple systems which will perform simple functions upon signals. Examples include amplification (or attenuation), time-reversal, delay, and differentiation/integration.
- Structure of Communication Systems This article gives you an introduction to the fundamental model of communication, from the generation of the signal at the source through a noisy channel to reception of the signal at the sink.
- Superheating and microwave ovens This paper explain about boiling and freezing: the effects of solutes and of pressure.
- The Diode This article gives a brief description of a diode and its inner workings.
- The Fundamental Signal This article explains the description of the fundamental signal used in communications systems, the sinusoid, is presented as well as several of the properties of the sinusoid. The concept of modulation by a sinusoid is discussed.
- The Impedance Concept This article discusses the results if all sources in the circuit are complex exponentials.
- The Mpemba effect: why hot water can sometimes freeze faster than cold This paper explain about the supercooling, typical experiments and freezing point elevation.
- Thermal radiation and how clothes work This article describes how do clothes work? How do they affect our thermal radiation? How do they help keep us warm in winter and cool in summer?
- Time and Frequency Domains This article first module of the two-rooms analogy to solving problems in the time and frequency domains.
- Transfer Functions This article gives the introduction of transfer function(frequency response).
- Two Terminal Quantum Dot Devices This article describes about the process of Two Terminal Quantum Dot Devices.
- Two Terminal Quantum Wire Devices This article describes about the process of Two Terminal Quantum wire Devices.
- Voltage, Current, and Generic Circuit Elements This article explains Systems which are used to manipulate signals are called circuits. Traditionally, circuit elements utilize voltage and current.
- What is 'unfreezable water'? Is it the same as bound water or water of hydration? This paper explain about the osmotic depression of freezing point.
- Life Without Electricity This article explains about a precedent for the expanding use of various home appliances.
- 1/8 – Electrical equipment: power harmonics, power factor This article describes sbout how to understand harmonics & re active energy.
- 3 Phase Transformers This article describes about a three phase transformer which provides a more economical approach by using less material since the three cores can be replaced by a single core.
- 7/8 – Electrical equipment: harmonic mitigation This article discusses about C-less technology Drives, Multi-pulse arrangement, Active Front End (AFE) and active & passive filters.
- Applications of Inverters This article deals with the application where the most of our electronic equipment work on AC and it is the AC power that is supplied in our houses and that’s the reason why bigger appliances are designed to work on AC voltages.
- Armature reaction in DC Generator This article brifs about the stator poles called main flux, while the second one is because of the current flowing in the armature called armature flux.
- Artificial Neural Network Based Power System Restoration This article determinesthe measures to ensure not only the safety of the power system equipment but also that they are receiving a continuous supply of electricity.
- Auto Transformer This article explains about an auto transformer is the one which consists of a single winding, part of which acts as the primary winding of the transformer, and some part of which acts the secondary winding, which can be varied by switching between the contacts of the transformer.
- Automatic Transfer Switch & their types This article explains An automatic transfer switch switches the power between grid and backup sources automatically without human intervention. It wouldn’t be vague to say that a backup generator is totally useless without automatic switching sources these days.
- Autorecloser This article explains about high voltage overhead lines suffer from line to line short circuits for brief time periods, and then afterwards return to their normal state when the storms and other such problems pass away.
- Behavior of Transformer on Loading This article describes about a load which is a part of the circuit which consumes electrical energy or power and converts it into some other form like heat of some external mechanical work or electrical energy.
- Brush less DC Motor This article explains about the operation oBrush less DC motor is based on electronic commutation with the help of a controller.
- Buck Boost Transformer This article explains about a Buck Boost Transformer comes under the class of transformers whose main function is to alter the amount of voltage being received by various alternating current appliances and devices as per their requirement.
- Capacitor-Start (CS) Motors This paper describes about a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field.
- Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters This article explains about the basic and well-known topologies among all multilevel inverters is Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter.
- Centre Tapped Transformer This articl briefs about a Centre Tapped transformer works in more or less the same way as a usual transformer.
- Circuit Breaker Arc Modeling This article explains about an arc acts as a bridge between the contacts thus providing a low resistant to the flowing current.
- Circuit Breaker Switching This article explains about Circuit breaker which is a device which can work both manually and automatically.
- Closed Transition Transfer Switch This article briefs a Closed Transition transfer switch also operates on the same principle as that of an open transition switch, except the fact that the delay which is incorporated in the open transition switch has been eliminated and hence the contacts occur without any delay in the time.
- Construction of a Transformer This article explains about the core of a transformer is constructed with a material having high permeability, such as silicon steel laminations, so that the core losses such as eddy current loss and hysteresis losses are reduced.
- Convergence of networks within Building: At last! This article briefs about the convergence of networks within Building which is taking a decisive turning point.
- DC Generator (back to basics) This article descibes about a Generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy or electrical power.
- Defending against electromagnetic attacks This article explains about an electronic warfare which is a new generation of warfare that is supported by the latest technologies. With the technology we used so far most of the things around us working with the electronic cards. Even the electrical systems are controlled with electronic systems.
- Development of Automated distribution system This article describes about the distribution system is vastly spread in the present age with the primary circuit starting from a sub-station and ending at the customer’s home. At this moment it is known to be the secondary service.
- Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop Systems This article explains about the difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop Systems.
- Difference between Poles and Zeros of a Control System This article describes about the Difference between Poles and Zeros of a Control System.
- Difference Between Series & Parallel Transformer This article discusses the Difference Between Series & Parallel Transformer.
- Diode Clamped multilevel inverters This article explains about the features of Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter.
- Disconnecting Circuit Breakers This article briefs about small package they provide more functions with the same board but more on board circuitry.
- Distribution Transformer : Erection & Commissioning Checkpoints This article explains about a distribution transformer is an important link between any utility’s distribution network and the power supply delivered to customer.
- Dual Voltage Transformers This paper briefs about a dual voltage transformer can be defined as the one which is capable of providing two types of voltages i.e. if the two separate windings are connected in series, they will provide the sum of voltages supplied to the two coils and if the two windings are connected in parallel, then the net voltage will be decreased.
- Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers This article describes about an Earth Leakage circuit breakers are the breakers that are used to detect the leakage currents that are produced due to circuit connection faults or other factors and are leaked to the Earth, causing severe shocks and fatal outcomes for the humans.
- Effective monitoring of AC motors This article explains about the domestic appliances that you use have a certain operating limit. Due to large scale consumption, some devices have “overshooting” issues.
- Electric Generator Terminologies (back to basics) This article explains about a theoretical knowledge but an electrical engineer should know these terminologies if he wants to work on electric generators.
- Electrical Earthing / Grounding This article briefs the Electrical earthing / grounding which is one of the most important aspects of any electrical installation.
- Electrical Fuses : Their Types & Applications This article explains about fuse which is to protect and is composed of an alloy which has a low melting point.
- Energy efficient lighting : CFL vs LED This article briefs about the purpose of illumination, artificial light is more of being used as an aesthetic element in the modern architecture of many kinds of spaces.
- Factors to Consider while Buying Transfer Switches This article explains about a Transfer switch is used when two or more power sources are involved in the switching process.
- Faults in Electrical Systems (back to basics) This article explains a power system failure across the town that happened due to a storm breakout or an internal equipment fault that disrupted your local power supply – these are all essentially the cases of faults in electrical systems.
- Ferro resonance occurrence in power transformer This article explains about a disturbance caused by high voltage level leading to overvoltage and also due to distortion of overcurrent.
- Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) This article explains about electric power transmission facilities throughout the world are not openly allowed to progress because of the different environmental, land-use and regulatory pressures that arise.
- Flying Capacitor multilevel inverters This article briefs about an electrical device that converts a DC power supply into an AC power supply. Multilevel inverter converts number of DC supplies into AC supply.
- Generator Ratings (back to basics) This article discusses about how to know the rating of under process generator otherwise he may cause a great loss.
- Ground Electrode This article describes about a ground electrode essentially serves as a good conducting medium that is in contact with groundmass.
- Harmonics in electrical systems (back to basics) This article describes about the wave form which is generated at a frequency of 50 cycles / second (or 50 Hz).
- How does a Circuit Breaker work? This article explains about the working of a circuit breaker is not that a complex task.
- How does an Inverter Work? This article deccibes about the process of converting the DC to AC. To understand this process, first we would have to look on how an alternator produces AC.
- How Things Work: Solar Electricity This article briefs about how to made of little packets of energy called ‘photons’ and the photovoltaic (PV) cells of a solar panel are made of semiconductor materials.
- How to choose the right type of Inverter? This article explains about how to choose the right type of Inverter.
- How to optimize copper stock and copper drops? This article explains about how to reuse the copper drops to make short connections, in particular some copper connections which are regularly used.
- Improvement in electrical devices through digital input This article explains about the digital integration into electrical industry also evolved in an exponential way.
- Inspection and Testing of Wiring Installations This article describes about the Periodic inspection and testing of internal wiring installations is necessary. Internal wiring should be checked every year for safe operations.
- Introduction to Control Systems This article describes about a way of arranging and combining components in such a way that the desired output is obtained.
- Introduction to First-Order Systems This article explains about how to analyze functioning of a control system that are time domain analysis and control domain analysis.
- Introduction to Multilevel Inverter This article describes about an electrical power inverter is basically a circuit that converts a DC signal into an AC signal
- Introduction to Second Order Systems This article explains about The time domain analyzes the functioning of the system on basis of time.
- Lightning risk management This paper describes sbaout ) the characteristics of the risk method which will determine the level of protection needed to decrease the risk to an acceptable level.
- Losses in a Transformer This article explains about a static device, i.e. we do not get to see any movements in its parts, so no mechanical losses exist in the transformer and only electrical losses are observed and losses involved in it.
- Low Voltage Circuit Breakers This article briefs about the circuit breakers which operate on voltages less than 1000 volts are known as low voltage circuit breakers.
- LV surge protection installation This article explains about how to achieve the effective installation of the surge protection, the surge arrester’s connections to the grid should be as short as possible.
- LV: Coordination between 2 Surge protection devices (SPD) This article explains about how to ensure a guaranteed lightning protection for a low voltage electrical installation.
- Magnetic Circuit Breakers This article explains about how to protect the electrical equipment in case the circuit suffers any problem and an excessively large amount of current flows through it which is dangerous for the circuitry ahead.
- Manual Transfer Switch & their types This article explains about Manuals transfer switches as the name suggests transfers power from one source to another manually.
- Measure to Conserve Power and Energy This paper describes about how to measure the conservation of power and energy.
- Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers This article explains about Medium voltage circuit breakers are the ones which operate on voltage levels around 400 volts to 15kV approximately.
- Multilevel Inverter Topologies This article briefs the recent popularity and immense industrial usage of multilevel inverters, a lot of research is going on in the field of multilevel inverter topologies.
- Multiple Winding Transformers This article discusses about a Multiple Winding Transformer can be defined as the one which has more than one primary or secondary windings connected to each other in some special type of configuration in order to provide the required output voltage levels or drive a number of loads at the output.
- Open Transition Transfer Switch This paper describes about Open transition transfer switches are designed to switch between the normally present power supply; which is being supplied to our homes by the power stations, and the backup arrangement in the form of some generator or anything.
- Operations of Transfer Switch This article briefs about various types and diverse nature of these transfer switches there operation may vary slightly depending upon the type but overall working is same for all of them.
- Parallel transformers benefits This article explains about the benefits of utilization and operation of MV/LV parallel transformers in electrical distribution.
- Plugging into Wind This narticle explains about the turbines on a distant hill during a trip or heard talk of wind farms.
- Polyfuse Circuit Breakers This paper explains what basically a poly fuse circuit breaker is? They are neither fuses nor circuit breakers when it comes to their physical construction. In fact, they are thermistors with positive temperature coefficients.
- Power Cables This article explains about a power cable is essentially a current carrying conductor which is enclosed within an insulation system and protective coverings and other special features as desired.
- Power quality – UPS vs Power Conditioners This article briefs about how to perceive that electrical power supplied to the customers’ doors might have some quality issues and that it is the responsibility of the consumer to protect loads connected to the supply line against poor performance or damage.
- Power System contingencies This article explains about a power system is very important to be evaluated to make sure whether the system will continue working in case one or more element stops to function properly.
- Power System Protection This article explains about the distribution network being radial is cost effectiveness & easiness in maintenance.
- Quantum Mechanic_Static electricity This paper describes an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
- Quantum Mechanics_ Ampère's circuital law This article explains about the integrated Magnetic field around a closed loop to the Electric current passing through the loop.
- Quantum Mechanics_ Lenz's law This article briefs about an induced Electromotive force (emf) always gives rise to a current whose magnetic field opposes the original change in Magnetic flux.
- Quantum Mechanics-Thermodynamics This article explains about thermodynamics which is a branch of physicsconcerned with Heat and temperature and their relation to energy and Work.
- Reactive Power Management This paper describes about the power flow left after it has been equally distributed in an AC waveform which in actual can be further utilized to do work such as heating an element and to overcome friction in a running motor.
- Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) This article explains about a Residual Current Circuit Breakers is another different class of Circuit Breakers.
- Selection of Miniature Circuit Breaker This article briefs about a vital circuit breaking component found in today’s modern electrical distribution system. It replaces earlier method of circuit breaking done via melting fuse wire.
- Soft Loading Transfer Switch This article briefs about a Soft Load Power Transfer switch is a type of closed transition power transfer switch in which the switch synchronizes the two power sources and then makes connects them in parallel so that an uninterrupted supply of power can be generated for the sensitive loads.
- Stability Factor: K-Factor This article explains about K-Factor determines the total harmonic current which a transformer can withstand without going beyond its specified temperature threshold limits.
- Starting of an induction motor This article describes about the stator winding of the induction motor is designed for delta operation, but during starting period the stator winding is connected in the star configuration.
- Static Transfer Switch This article explains about Static transfer switches (STS) are such electrical devices which are used for very fast switching between electrical power sources
- Super Conducting Generators This article describes about a Superconducting elements are the most important part of electromechanical systems because of their functioning and these systems form the superconducting electric machines.
- Surge protection devices: how to choose them? This article briefs about the surge protection devices or surge protective devices (SPD) protect electrical equipment against overvoltages caused by lightning.
- Thermal Magnetic Circuit Breakers This article explains about the difference lays in the fact that Magnetic circuit breakers have a single mechanism which operates on a solenoid or an electromagnet, and the circuit trips when the magnetic field of the magnet becomes strong enough due to excessive current flowing in the circuit.
- Three Way Transfer Switch This article explains about a Three way transfer switch is used for safe and reliable operation characteristics.
- Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems This article explains about the features and functioning of every measurement system to know the working of system.
- Transformer Protection This article describes about Stress Factors and Protection Methods, Internal faults and a recent innovation.
- Transient Response Analysis of Control Systems This article explains about the time response can only be analyzed when the model of system plus nature of input signals are known.
- Transition Town Totnes Plans for Energy Descent This article briefs about a kind of action plan to proactively respond to a world where oil is no longer cheap and plentiful, and where we can ill afford to continue to spew out carbon dioxide without regard for the how our climate will change.
- Types of Circuit Breakers This article explains about the Circuit breakers have been classified into a number of types, based on different categories they have been subdivided into.
- Types of Inverters This article describes about a pure sine wave inverter, modified Sine wave inverter or quasi sine wave inverter, Square Wave inverter.
- Typical Test Signals in Time Domain Analysis This article briefs about a dynamic system is expressed as a function of time it is called time domain analysis.
- Understand electrical circuit – comparison with water system This article explains about how to understand the electrical circuit physically the circuit can be thought as a closed water system
- Usefulness and shortcomings of the power system contingencies This article briefs about the operating state and the configuration of the power system whether the load being light, medium or heavy, stability limits can also be present for lines and interconnections.
- Using Capacitors in Electrical Circuits This paper describes about a High Tension (HT) or Low Tension (LT) installation has become a necessity and also mandated by most of the utilities worldwide.
- VAR & Its Applications This article briefs about a higher current flowing through the transmission line, there is a problem with the increase in transmission loss.
- Variable Speed Drivers This article briefs about Variable speed drivers are also known as adjustable speed drivers. As clear by the name their use involves the regulation of machinery speed.
- Variable speed drives are cost effective This article describes about the motors of pumps and fans represent an important item of energy consumption in the building design.
- What are Transients & How to eliminate them from Power System? This article briefs about an instantaneous change in the state leading to a burst of energy for a limited time is termed as a transient event.
- What is a Circuit Breaker? This article explains about a circuit breaker is an electronic device which is used for the safe and reliable operation of the circuit.
- What is a transfer switch? This article explains about an electrical device that is used to switch load between two sources is termed as a transfer switch.
- What is a Transformer? This article describes about a Transformer which is a device which transfers electric current from one circuit to another, usually by the principal ofmutual induction.
- What is an Electric generator? (back to basics) This article describes about a machine that converts mechanical energy to electric energy. The mechanical energy can be supplied by the prime mover which combustion engine, steam engine, can water falling through turbine or even an electric motor or any such mechanism that can be a source of mechanical energy.
- What is an Inverter? This article explains about an electrical device which converts DC voltage, almost always from batteries, into standard household AC voltage so that it is able to be used by common appliances.
- What is Transfer Function? This article explains about the transfer function which is function of complex variables. The transfer function can be obtained by simple algebraic jugglery of differential equations that illustrates the system.
- Wind Industry Sees Big Potential for Little Turbines This paper describes about Micro wind technology which offers the possibility of reducing poverty without emissions.
- A New Way To Generate Electricity? This article explains about Condensation on a metal plate leads to formation of droplets that carry electric charge.
- Alternating Current This paper explains the operation of a basic alternating current (ac) generator.
- Audio Cables This article describes about a superior, high resolution system, well recorded music and an experienced listener, the difference between the best and worst audio cables is substantial.
- Balanced Cables and Audio This article deals with a method of interconnecting audio equipment using impedance-balanced lines.
- BlackLight Power, Update This paper briefs about the inability to demonstrate or engineer a continuous process.
- Closed Looped Open Water Source Heat Pump System This article explains the way to harvest high volume low grade heat from the environment .
- Coal power This article describes about Coal has the great potential to be employed as a fuel in the operation of power plant.
- Comparison of the different forms of energy generation This paper briefly describes about Comparison of the Different Forms of Energy Generation.
- Current, Ohms and Amps This article explains about an electricity which is a form of energy. It is generated by millions of free-flowing electrons whose movement through a conductor create energy from motion like water flowing through a garden hose.
- Electric Circuit Model This article describes a simple model of electrical conduction in a metal.
- Electrical Connections This article explains about the most basic and different wire connection is simply twisting two wires together.
- Electrical Safety Rules This article explains about the responsibility to make sure that your teams understand these terms and safety rules.
- Electrical Switches This article describes about A "switch" is a device that allows you to open and close an electric circuit.
- Electromagnetic Induction This article describes the production of an induced e.m.f by relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field (motionally induced e.m.f.).
- Electrostatic Potential This article determines the electric potential due to various charge configurations.
- Electrostatics This article describes and explain the properties of conductors and insulators.
- Energy and the Economy–Basic Principles and Feedback Loops This article explains about the role of energy and its connection to the economy.
- Energy Crowd Funding Updates This article briefs about a small energy harvester device suited to campers and anyone with access to running water (including the tap).
- High Power Electrostatic Motor with 95% Efficiency This article explains about the High Power Electrostatic Motor consists of a rotor, a stator and a shaft.
- Is loss of electricity a risk for spent nuclear fuel? This article briefs about an ability to maintain electrical supply to spent fuel pools.
- LED’s – Possible Solution To Growing Consumption This article describes about how to find the next breakthrough in power production.
- Magnetic Energy Harvesting Using Magnetostriction This article briefs about a magnetic energy harvesting device has been demonstrated using Magnetostriction which harvests material stress and vibrations, but it is not a piezoelectric device.
- Microphone Preamplifier Technology This article describes about a mic preamp can be built from tubes, transistors and ICs, with or without transformers, plus options like built-in converters, DSP, USB and FireWire.
- Nuclear power This paper describes about power to the masses as well as security and tactical measure against any insurgency against a state that possesses it.
- Photoswitches promise new alternatives for solar storage This article explains about the photo switches are not yet ready for commercial production, but now that the underlying concept has been worked out it’s just a matter of improving efficiency.
- Power This article explains about the power is the ability to do work, whether it's lifting elevators or making noise.
- Power Amplifier Set-up Tips This article discusses about the rack to act as a chimney with hot air exhausting at the top, not re-circulating between adjacent amplifiers.
- Power Supplies and Voltage Regulators This article briefs about the DC power supplies used for electronics and computers are of two main types, switching and linear, both supplied from the 120V AC mains.
- Prototyping Regulators This article explains about the two different regulators .
- Pumped hydro not a magic bullet for energy storage This article discusses about a Pumped-hydro energy storage is a century-old technology that’s increasingly being seen as a tool that could help the nation meet its future energy storage needs.
- Quantum Mechanics alternating current This article explains about the flow of Electric charge periodically reverses direction.
- Quantum Mechanics Applied physics This article explains about an Applied physics is physics which is intended for a particular technological or practical use.
- Quantum Mechanics Direct current (DC) This article briefs about the Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type.
- Quantum Mechanics displacement current This paper describes about a quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of electric displacement field.
- Quantum Mechanics Eddy currents This article explains about eddy currents (also called Foucault currents[1]) are electric currents induced within conductors by a changing Magnetic field in the conductor.
- Quantum Mechanics Electric charge This article briefs about the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
- Quantum Mechanics electric current This article discusses about a flow of Electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire.
- Quantum Mechanics electric field This article explains about the electric field describes the electric force experienced by a motionless positively charged test particle at any point in space relative to the source(s) of the field.
- Quantum Mechanics electric potential This article explains about the electric potential of a point may also be defined as the work done in carrying a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
- Quantum Mechanics electromagnetic field This article explains about the electromagnetic field which extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction.
- Quantum Mechanics Electromagnetic induction This article explains about the production of an Electromotive force across a Conductor when it is exposed to a varying Magnetic field.
- Quantum Mechanics Electromagnetic radiation This article briefs the electromagnetic waves that compose electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields.
- Quantum Mechanics Electromotive force This article explains about the voltage developed by any source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo.
- Quantum Mechanics Electrostatic discharge This article explains about the sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown.
- Quantum Mechanics Gauss's law for magnetism This article is about Gauss's law concerning the magnetic field.
- Quantum Mechanics Magnetic Field This article briefs about the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials.
- Quantum Mechanics magnetic flux This article explains about a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the Magnetic field B passing through that surface.
- Quantum Mechanics magnetization This article is about magnetization as it appears in Maxwell's equations of classical electrodynamics.
- Quantum Mechanics moment of force This article describes about the tendency of aForce to rotate an object about an axis.
- Quantum Mechanics motive power This article explains about a natural agent, such as water or steam, wind or electricity, used to impart motion so machinery such as an engine.
- Quantum Mechanics Ohm's law This article describes about Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points.
- Quantum Mechanics polarization density This article explains about the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material.
- Quantum Mechanics Potential Energy This article explains about potential energy is Energy stored in a system of forcefully interacting physical entities.
- Quantum Mechanics resonator This article describes about a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behaviour, that is, it naturally oscillates at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others.
- Quantum Mechanics_ Malleability This article briefs a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.
- Quantum Mechanics_electric dipole moment This article briefs about a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of electric charges, that is, a measure of the charge system's overall polarity.
- Quantum Mechanics_Poynting vector This article explains about the Pointing vector represents the directional energy flux density (the rate of energy transfer per unit area, in units of watts per squaremetre (W•m−2)) of an Electromagnetic field.
- Quantum waves at the heart of organic solar cells This article reveals the key to generating “long-lived charges” in organic solar cells.
- Radium and Radioactivity This article describes about the discovery of the phenomena of radioactivity adds a new group to the great number of invisible radiations now known.
- Relays This article briefs about Relays are a special type of electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit.
- Simple Machines This article describes about a Simple machines form the basis for every mechanical device.
- Smoothing out the bumps of compressed-air storage This article explains about a method for setting up a compressed-air energy storage system that releases energy at a constant rate.
- Solar cells can handle energy of 70,000 suns This article explains about how it is impossible to put a PV cell under so much intense light and heat.
- Solar Impulse Holds 8 FAI Records, Category-Solar Aviation This article explains about three main components — aircraft ownership, fuel and maintenance — account for more than half of an airline’s operating expenses.
- Solar Kerosene This article explains about the potential to produce any other type of fuel for transport applications, such as diesel, gasoline or pure hydrogen in a more sustainable way.
- Sound Propagation This article explains about the fact that some sounds can produce physical and emotional effects is just short of astounding.
- SPDIF Connection This article explains about a standard for digitally transferring audio.
- Stored Energy This article explains about stored energy refers either to energy of position or energy stored in objects by the application of a force.
- Structural Super capacitor This article explains about new structural supercapacitor operates flawlessly in storing and releasing electrical charge while subject to stresses or pressures up to 44 psi and vibrational accelerations over 80 g (significantly greater than those acting on turbine blades in a jet engine).
- Superconducting: Graphite Meets Calcium This article offers the first compelling evidence that the graphene layers are instrumental in this process, a discovery that could transform the engineering of materials for nanoscale electronic devices.
- The Basic Process of Recording Tracks on a Computer This article discusses about a step by step method of writing and recording music totally in the digital domain.
- The discovery of radium This article briefs the discovery of the elements polonium and radium.
- The Simple Harmonic Oscillator This article explains about a SHM in terms of force, or in terms of potential.
- Tinkering with an RC Car This article provides the ability for several cars that operate at the same frequency to be controlled independently by selecting different channels.
- Two Views of our Current Economic and Energy Crisis This article briefs about energy which is critical to the growth of human civilization, because all types of goods and services require energy for their production.
- Wire and Wiring This article explains about the two basic types of wiring named Stranded and Solid.
- Wire Size This article explains about the proper type or size of AC power cable to use with different amounts of equipment.
- Active filters This article describes about the APF and Series Filter.
- An Overview of Wireless Systems This article describes about the first and second generation cellular systems and traffic usage of wireless systems.
- Application of Intelligent Systems This article explains the Basic design of an expert system for monitoring applications.
- Braking This article briefs about the four methods of braking and requirements of braking.
- Cable Protection This article describes the Open-point arrester, Next-to-last transformer, Under-oil arresters, Elbow arresters, Lower-discharge arresters and Fluid injection.
- Capacitor Impedance This article describes Parallel Resonance, Series Resonance and Effects of Resistance and Resistive Load.
- Cellphone signals and Cell splitting This article explains about the cellphone signals and cell splitting.
- Cellular Systems This article explains the cellular systems with its hexaconal cell geometry.
- Computer Tools for Transients Analysis This article describes the Computer Tools for Transients Analysis.
- Different modes of operation of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol This article explains about DCF, PCF, DCF with handshake, DCF without handshake.
- Distributed Generation This article explains about the distributed generation with some examples and its impact on system operation.
- Diversity in Wireless Systems This article describes about the diversity in wireless systems and types of diversity.
- Economics of Power Generation This article discusses about the economics of power generation.
- Effects of Harmonic Distortion I This article explains about Impact on Capacitors, Impact on Transformers and Impact on Motors.
- Effects of Harmonic Distortion II This article describes about Impact on Telecommunications, Impact on Energy and Demand Metering.
- Electric & Induction Heating This article describes about the electric heating with definition and power also the induction heating with applications and advantages.
- Electric traction This article discusses about the electric traction, its advantages, Ac single phase system and direct current system.
- Electrical Safety – Part I This article describes the advice relating to domestic mains electricity and lower voltages.
- Electrical Safety – Part II This article describes the advice relating to domestic mains electricity and lower voltages.
- Electrolysis This article discusses about the electrolysis, its process, electric cells and Electroplating.
- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) This article describes Electromagnetic compatibility and power frequency variations and Voltage Imbalance.
- Energy Conservation This article discusses about the energy conservation and its importance.
- Estimating Voltage Sag Performance - Area of Vulnerability This article briefs the estimating voltage sag performance with area of vulnerabilty and Equipment Sensitivity to Voltage Sags.
- Estimating Voltage Sag Performance -Transmission System Sag Performance Evaluation This article briefs the Transmission System Sag Performance Evaluation.
- Faraday's laws of electrolysis This article explains about the first and second law of electrolysis with electro refining operation.
- Ferro resonance This article describes Graphical solution to the nonlinear and linear LC circuit.
- Future applications This article describes about the Industrial power quality monitoring applications, Power system performance assessment and benchmarking and Applications for system maintenance, operations, and reliability.
- GPRS and Simple Message Service in GPRS This article explains about the General Packet Radio Service, SSGN, GGSN.
- Handover or handoff This article describes about the Handover, types of handover, comparisons of handovers and possibilty of handover.
- Harmonic Distortion This article explains Voltage versus Current Distortion, Harmonics versus Transients and Total Demand Distortion.
- Harmonic Distortion Evaluations This article explains about the Concept of point of common coupling and Harmonic evaluations on the utility system.
- Harmonic evaluation for end-user facilities This article explains the Harmonic evaluation for end-user facilities.
- Harmonic Sources from Commercial Loads This article describes Single-Phase Power Supplies, Fluorescent Lighting and Adjustable-Speed Drives For HVAC And Elevators.
- Harmonic Sources from Industrial Loads I This article discusses about the Three-phase Power Converters, DC Drives and AC Drives.
- Harmonic Sources from Industrial Loads II This article explains Impact of Operating Condition, Arcing Devices and Saturable Devices.
- Harmonics This article discusses the definition harmonics and harmonics distortion.
- Harmonics in Electrical Systems This article describes about the Harmonic Limits.
- Hybrid Active Filters For Harmonic Filtering This article explains the Hybrid Active Filters For Harmonic Filtering.
- IMT-2000 This article describes about the IMT-2000, 3G, Roaming area,TMSI, Local area.
- Interharmonics This article discusses about the interharmonics.
- Kirchoff's Law This article explains kirchoff's first and second law (Current & Voltage).
- Lighting Calculations This article describes inverse- square law, effects, caution for point calculation and design of lighting.
- Load curves This article describes about the load curves, types of load curves and load characteristics.
- Locating Harmonic Sources This article describes the System Response Characteristics and System Impedance.
- Mesh analysis This article describes about the mesh analysis and a set of equations (based on KVL for each mesh) is formed and the equations are solved for unknown values.
- Mitigation Method III This article describes the Static Transfer Switch and fast transfer switches and Series connected voltage source converter.
- Mitigation Methods I This article explains about the Motor - generator set and Ferro resonance transformer.
- Mitigation Methods II This article describes the Electric Tap Changer and Uninterrupted Power Supply and it types.
- Mitigation of Voltage Swells I This article explains the Surge arresters and transient voltage surge suppressors, Isolation Transformers and LPF.
- Mitigation of Voltage Swells II This article discusses about the Low-Impedance Power Conditioners and Utility Surge Arrester.
- Mobility Management and Resource Management This article describes about the mobility management and resource mangement with hr management and corporate resource management.
- Motor-Starting Sags This article describes about the motor starting methods.
- Multiple Access Techniques This article explains the multiple access techniques in cellular systems with FDMA and TDMA.
- Nodal Analysis This article discusses about the nodal analysis.
- Power Control in CDMA This article discusses about the power control in carrier division multiple access and open loop power control.
- Power Management This article explains about the power management with explaining all OSI layer including mac address.
- Power Quality Events This article explains what is power quality problems and what causes with some examples.
- Power Quality Measurement Equipment I This article describes about the Selection of Instruments and Wiring and grounding testers.
- Power Quality Measurement Equipment II This article discusses about the Multimeters and Digital Cameras.
- Power Quality Measurement Equipment III This article explains Oscilloscopes and Disturbance analyzers.
- Power Quality Measurement Equipment IV This article discusses about the harmonic analyzers and flicker meter.
- Power Quality Measurement Equipment V This article describes about the Spectrum analyzers and harmonic analyzers and Combination disturbance and harmonic analyzers.
- Power Quality Monitoring This article discusses about the introduction and Monitoring Considerations.
- Power Quality Terms I This article discusses some of the power quality terms briefly.
- Power Quality Terms II This article discusses some of the power quality terms briefly.
- Principles for Controlling Harmonics This article discusses Reducing harmonic currents in loads and Passive Harmonic Filters.
- Process of electrolysis This article describes about the process of electrolysis, Oxidation and reduction at the electrodes and Energy changes during electrolysis.
- Protecting the Transformer This article explains two common ways for the utility to protect the transformer.
- Radio Propagation and Propagation Path-Loss Models This article discusses about the Radio Propagation and Propagation Path-Loss Models and applied wireless tranmission techniques with PCM and PAM.
- Recent Trends in Electric Traction This article explains about the recent trends in electric traction.
- Series passive, Low Pass Broadband and C filters This article explains the Series passive, Low Pass Broadband and C filters, Drawbacks of Passive Filters.
- Soft Handoff in CDMA and Wireless Security This article describes about the soft handoff in CDMA and wireless security in detail.
- Sources of over voltages I This article explains two main sources of transient over voltages on utility systems, capacitor switching and Lightning.
- Sources of sags This article describes about the sources of sags with its histogram.
- Speed Time Curve This article describes about the speed time curve, mechanics of train movement.
- Spread Spectrum (SS) and CDMA Systems This article describes the spread systems and CDMA in detail.
- Steady-state disturbances This article describes about the steady-state disturbances namely long and short duration variation.
- Step Sequence of Stepper Motor This article explains about the sequences of stepper motor with source code.
- Stepper Motor Interfacing With Microcontroller This article discusses with the stepper motor interface with micro controller and also types of stepper motor.
- Thermal, Hydel and Nuclear Power Stations This article briefly outline the basics of the three most widely found generating stations –thermal, hydel and nuclear plants in our country and elsewhere.
- TIA IS-95 CDMA System This article discusses about the TIA IS-95 CDMA System with downlink BS to MS and uplink MS to BS.
- Types of Lighting & Lamps This article briefly explains the types of lighting and lamps.
- Utility System Lightning Protection This article describes Shielding, Line Arresters and Low-Side Surges.
- UWB Pulse Transmission This article explains about the UWB Pulse Transmission.
- Voltage limits evaluation procedure This article describes about the Voltage limits evaluation procedure.
- Voltage sags and interruptions This article explains the introduction of voltage sag, voltage swell and interruptions.
- Waveshape changes or distortions This article explains about the distortion, interharmonics and noise.
- Aspects of threshold voltage This article explains the aspects of threshold voltage and transistor transconductance gm.
- Block Diagram of Control System This article explains the Block Diagram of Control System and closed loop system.
- Control systems This article explains the control systems and its classification in detail.
- Differential equations of physical systems This article describes the differential equations of physical systems.
- Linear regulators This article explains introduction, features and classifcations of IC Voltage regulators.
- Reciprocity theorem This article explains the reciprocity theorem with terminal representation of the antenna system.
- Signal flow graphs This article describes the signal flow graphs, properties of signal flow graphs and signal flow graph algebra.
- Switches for DAC This article explains the different types of switches for DAC.
- Switching regulator This article describess the four major components of basic switching regulator.
- Switching regulator example This article explains the switching regulators in detail.
- Threshold voltage This article explains the threshold voltage, MOSFET scaling and small geometry effects.
- Time Response Analysis of Control Systems This article explains the definition and classification of time response.
- Voltage controlled oscillator This article describes the Voltage controlled Oscillator in detail.
- Applications and uses of inverters This article describes the use of inverters and use in solar panels, fuel cells, UPS.
- Benefits and applications of medium voltage This article explains the primary metering and Applications of Medium Voltage.
- Bio-electricity: reducing the electromagnetic impact in the tertiary sector This article explains the Health in the building, reduce radiations, potential market in the tertiary sector and Discrete alarm signals to take into account.
- Cable trays: even faster to install This article describes the cable trays.
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